Baphuon | Siem Reap

Baphuon – The Giant "Temple-Mountain" of Angkor

Baphuon is one of the largest and most impressive temples in the Angkor Archaeological Park, located within Angkor Thom, just northwest of Bayon Temple. Built in the mid-11th century by King Udayadityavarman II (reigned 1050–1066 AD), it was originally dedicated to Shiva before being converted into a Buddhist temple in the late 15th century.

Baphuon is known for its massive size, steep pyramidal structure, and the remains of a colossal reclining Buddha, which was added during its conversion to Buddhism.

History of Baphuon

• Constructed in 1060 AD, Baphuon was one of the grandest temples of its time, symbolizing Mount Meru, the cosmic mountain in Hindu mythology.
• It was the state temple of King Udayadityavarman II, who ruled the Khmer Empire from 1050–1066 AD.
• The temple originally housed a massive Shiva lingam, signifying its Hindu dedication.
• In the late 15th century, Baphuon was transformed into a Buddhist temple, and a huge reclining Buddha was built into its western side.
• Over time, the temple collapsed due to poor construction and shifting foundations, requiring extensive restoration work.

Architectural Features of Baphuon

1. Temple-Mountain Design

Baphuon is built in the temple-mountain style, representing Mount Meru, similar to Phnom Bakheng but on a grander scale.

• The temple is a three-tiered pyramid made of sandstone, rising to about 34 meters (112 feet).
• The steep staircases leading to the top reflect the Hindu belief in ascending toward the heavens.
• The structure was once covered in intricate carvings, though many have eroded over time.

2. The Colossal Reclining Buddha

• In the late 15th century, the temple was converted into a Buddhist shrine, and a giant reclining Buddha (9 meters high and 70 meters long) was built into the west-facing wall.
• The Buddha was constructed using stones from the original temple, leading to structural instability and collapse.
• Today, the outline of the reclining Buddha is still visible, though parts of it are eroded.

3. Long Causeway and Entrance Pavilion

• The elevated causeway leading to Baphuon is 172 meters long, built over a foundation of stone pillars.
• The entrance pavilion features elaborate carvings and bas-reliefs, many depicting Hindu mythological scenes.

4. Central Sanctuary and Upper Terrace

• The upper terrace once housed the main Shiva lingam, but it is now empty.
• Visitors who climb to the top are rewarded with spectacular panoramic views of Angkor Thom and the surrounding jungle.

The "Largest Jigsaw Puzzle in History" – Restoration of Baphuon

• By the 20th century, Baphuon was in ruins, with thousands of stones scattered across the site.
• In the 1960s, French archaeologists began dismantling and cataloging the temple for restoration.
• However, during the Khmer Rouge era (1975–1979), records of the reconstruction plan were destroyed, turning the restoration into a massive archaeological puzzle.
• After decades of work, Baphuon was finally reopened to the public in 2011.

Religious and Cultural Significance

• Originally a Hindu temple, Baphuon was later converted into a Buddhist monument, reflecting the religious transitions of the Khmer Empire.
• The massive reclining Buddha symbolizes the empire’s shift from Hinduism to Theravada Buddhism.
• Today, Baphuon remains a powerful symbol of resilience and heritage, representing both Khmer architectural mastery and historical restoration efforts.

Visiting Baphuon

1. Best Time to Visit

• Early morning (before 9 AM) or late afternoon (after 3 PM) to avoid the heat.
• The upper terrace offers stunning sunset views over Angkor Thom.

2. Getting There

• Located within Angkor Thom, 300 meters northwest of Bayon Temple.
• Easily accessible by bicycle, tuk-tuk, or a guided tour.

3. What to Expect

• Steep staircases leading to the top, requiring good physical fitness.
• Well-preserved bas-reliefs and carvings along the walls and entrance pavilions.
• A spectacular view from the upper terrace, making the climb worthwhile.

Conclusion

Baphuon is one of Angkor’s most remarkable temple-mountains, showcasing both Hindu and Buddhist influences. With its massive reclining Buddha, steep pyramidal structure, and stunning views, it remains a must-visit site for history lovers, photographers, and adventure seekers.