Wadi Mujib Biosphere Reserve | Dead Sea

Wadi Mujib Biosphere Reserve is a protected area and deep canyon system located on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. Spanning approximately 212 square kilometers, it holds the title of the lowest nature reserve on Earth, with elevations ranging from 410 meters below sea level to 900 meters above sea level.

Visual Characteristics

The reserve is defined by massive sandstone and limestone cliffs that tower up to 1,000 meters above the canyon floor. The landscape is a stark contrast of hyper-arid mountain ridges and lush, perennial water systems fed by seven tributaries. The primary feature is the "Siq," a narrow, winding gorge with sheer, orange-hued rock walls and cascading waterfalls that drain directly into the Dead Sea.

Location & Access Logistics

The main entrance and Mujib Adventure Center are located on the Dead Sea Highway (Route 65), approximately 90 kilometers south of Amman (a 75-minute drive) and 30 kilometers north of Karak. Access is primarily via private vehicle or taxi; while some JETT buses stop at the Dead Sea resort area, a short taxi transfer is required to reach the reserve. A dedicated parking lot is available at the Adventure Center, though it frequently fills up on weekends (Fridays and Saturdays).

Historical & Ecological Origin

Historically known in the Bible as the "River Arnon," the wadi served as a natural border between the ancient kingdoms of the Moabites and the Amorites. It was established as a nature reserve in 1987 by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN). Ecologically, the 1,300-meter elevation gradient supports over 300 plant species and is a critical habitat for the Syrian Wolf, Caracal, and the rare Nubian Ibex.

Key Highlights & Activities

The reserve is Jordan’s premier destination for canyoning and water-based adventure.

Siq Trail: The most popular self-guided water trail; involves wading, swimming, and climbing against the current to a large waterfall.

Canyon & Malaqi Trails: Guided, high-intensity routes that include rappelling down 20-meter waterfalls.

Ibex Trail: A dry, guided hike available in winter that offers views of the "Statue of Lot's Wife" rock formation.

Zipline: A 100-meter dual-line experience extending across the bridge near the visitor center.

Infrastructure & Amenities

The Mujib Adventure Center provides essential facilities including a reception desk, life jacket rentals (mandatory for water trails), changing rooms, and public restrooms. The Mujib Chalets, located just across the highway, offer eco-friendly overnight accommodation with views of the Dead Sea. 4G cellular signal is strong at the visitor center but non-existent deep within the canyon.

Best Time to Visit

The water trails (Siq, Canyon, Malaqi) are strictly seasonal, typically operating from April 1 to October 31. The trails close during the winter months (November to March) due to high water levels and flash flood risks. Visitors must be at least 18 years old to enter the water trails. Weekday visits are recommended to avoid crowds.

Facts & Legends

The reserve is recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and is a key stop for migratory birds traveling between Africa and Europe. A prominent local geological feature visible from the Ibex Trail is a lone rock pillar traditionally identified as Lot’s Wife, who was turned into a pillar of salt according to biblical narrative.

Nearby Landmarks

Dead Sea Resorts (20.0km North)

Dead Sea Panoramic Complex (22.0km North)

Karak Castle (32.0km South)

Wadi Bin Hammad (25.0km South)