Fort Point National Historic Site | San Francisco

Fort Point National Historic Site is a historic military site located beneath the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California. This fort is a well-preserved example of 19th-century military architecture and serves as an important reminder of the nation's military history during the time of its construction. The fort is famous for its striking location, its role in defending the Bay Area during the Civil War, and its connection to the Golden Gate Bridge.

History and Background

Construction: Fort Point was constructed between 1853 and 1861 by the United States Army. It was built in response to fears of foreign naval threats and the strategic importance of protecting the entrance to the San Francisco Bay. The fort was designed by the Army Corps of Engineers and was one of several coastal forts built along the U.S. coastline during the 19th century to defend against potential attacks, especially during the period of heightened concern about the British and Russian navies.

Design: The fort was designed in the American Civil War-era military style called "Third System", characterized by its star-shaped layout and thick masonry walls. The construction of the fort was complex, using over 2 million bricks to form the structure. Its design includes a five-sided bastion, with a moat and a drawbridge, reflecting the style of European military fortifications from the period. The fort’s location on the southern tip of the Presidio of San Francisco offers a commanding view of the entrance to the bay, making it an ideal position for coastal defense.

Civil War Era: Despite its strategic location, Fort Point did not see action during its early years. During the American Civil War, the fort was garrisoned by Union troops to prevent Confederate forces from taking control of the bay area, which was critical for the Union’s war efforts. It played a significant role in protecting the vital port of San Francisco from potential Confederate ships.

Post-Civil War: After the Civil War, Fort Point’s importance declined as newer military technologies, such as long-range cannons and coastal defense systems, made it obsolete. The fort remained in use by the military for some time, but it was eventually decommissioned in 1897.

Golden Gate Bridge Construction: Fort Point’s most famous moment in history came in the 1930s, when the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge threatened its existence. The bridge’s builders initially considered demolishing Fort Point to make way for the bridge's supports. However, after a campaign to preserve the fort, it was decided that the bridge would be constructed to span above it, leaving the fort largely intact. The fort's preservation became an important historical and cultural decision that allowed it to stand as a symbol of San Francisco’s past.

Architectural Features

Masonry and Brickwork: The fort is an impressive example of masonry architecture, made from red brick and stone, with thick walls designed to withstand bombardment. The fort's walls are 8 feet thick at the base, tapering as they rise. The structure features arched doorways, granite foundations, and a large central courtyard surrounded by defensive walls and barracks.

Interior Layout: The fort’s interior includes four levels of rooms and galleries, many of which have been restored to reflect their historic use. The top level of the fort offers an impressive view of the Golden Gate Bridge, the Bay, and the surrounding areas. Artillery rooms, soldier’s quarters, and ammunition storage areas are also part of the fort’s layout.

Star-Shaped Bastion: The fort is shaped like a star with five bastions, a defensive feature that allows for more effective artillery placement and a better line of sight for incoming threats. Each of the bastions is named for a prominent figure or element in military history.

Fort Point Today

National Historic Site: Today, Fort Point is managed by the National Park Service as a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. It offers visitors a glimpse into the past, showcasing the role of the fort in the history of the region, as well as its architecture and military significance.

Exhibits and Interpretations: The fort features a number of exhibits and interpretive displays that highlight its history, including its construction, its role during the Civil War, and its relationship to the development of the Golden Gate Bridge. Ranger-led tours are available to educate visitors about the fort’s past, and various artifacts from its military history are displayed throughout the site.

Visitor Experience: Fort Point is open to the public and is a popular spot for tourists and locals alike. Visitors can explore the fort’s interior, enjoy panoramic views of the Golden Gate Bridge, and take in the beauty of the surrounding area. The fort is a prime location for photography, particularly with the Golden Gate Bridge as a backdrop.

Accessibility: Fort Point is easily accessible from the Presidio, and it offers a variety of services for visitors, including restrooms, a bookstore, and picnic areas nearby. It is located near Crissy Field, a popular spot for walking, biking, and enjoying the outdoors.

Events and Programs: The National Park Service offers various special events and educational programs throughout the year. These include living history demonstrations, historical reenactments, and seasonal celebrations, such as Civil War-era events that bring history to life for visitors.

Visitor Information

Location: Fort Point is located just beneath the Golden Gate Bridge on the Presidio of San Francisco, one of the most scenic areas in San Francisco. It’s easily accessible by car or public transportation, with many visitors combining a trip to the fort with a visit to the bridge or surrounding parks.

Hours: Fort Point is typically open to the public during the daytime, though hours may vary depending on the season and special events. It is closed on certain holidays, so it’s a good idea to check the National Park Service website for up-to-date information on hours of operation.

Admission: There is no admission fee to visit Fort Point, though parking may be limited in the area, especially during peak tourist seasons. Visitors are encouraged to use public transportation, walk, or bike if possible.

Conclusion

Fort Point National Historic Site offers a unique opportunity to experience a piece of San Francisco’s history, combining military architecture, cultural heritage, and spectacular views of the Golden Gate Bridge. It is a must-see for history enthusiasts, photographers, and anyone interested in the development of the Bay Area. The fort’s well-preserved state, paired with its stunning location beneath one of the world’s most famous bridges, makes it an essential part of any visit to San Francisco.