Parque Nacional Cajas | Cuenca

Reserva Natural Ñacunday is a protected area located in the Itapúa Department of Paraguay, near the city of Encarnación.

Visual Characteristics

The reserve encompasses approximately 1,100 hectares of Atlantic Forest biome. Dominant vegetation includes dense stands of native trees such as lapacho (Handroanthus impetiginosus) and yvyra pytã (Peltophorum dubium). The Ñacunday River, a tributary of the Paraná River, flows through the reserve, characterized by its clear waters and rocky bed in certain sections. The terrain is generally undulating with some steeper slopes leading down to the riverbanks.

Location & Access Logistics

Reserva Natural Ñacunday is situated approximately 60 kilometers east of Encarnación. Access is via National Route 6 (Ruta Nacional 6) towards Ciudad del Este. Turn south onto a well-maintained gravel road approximately 5 kilometers before reaching the town of Ñacunday. This access road leads directly to the reserve entrance. Parking is available at the main visitor area. Public transport options are limited; bus services operate along National Route 6, requiring a transfer to a local taxi or pre-arranged transport for the final segment to the reserve.

Historical & Ecological Origin

The reserve was established in 1992 to protect a significant remaining fragment of the Atlantic Forest, a biome that has experienced extensive deforestation. Ecologically, it represents a critical habitat for numerous endemic and endangered species of flora and fauna. The Ñacunday River itself is a key hydrological feature, contributing to the biodiversity of the region.

Key Highlights & Activities

Hiking is permitted on designated trails, including the trail leading to the Ñacunday Falls, a significant waterfall within the reserve. Birdwatching is a primary activity, with numerous species observable. Observation of native flora, including various orchid species, is also a focus. Limited fishing is allowed in designated areas of the Ñacunday River, subject to regulations.

Infrastructure & Amenities

Basic infrastructure includes a visitor center with information displays, marked hiking trails, and a designated picnic area. Restrooms are available at the visitor center. Shade is provided by the forest canopy along trails and at the picnic area. Cell phone signal (4G) is intermittent within the reserve, particularly in deeper forest sections. No food vendors are present within the reserve; visitors should bring their own provisions.

Best Time to Visit

The best time for visiting is during the dry season, from May to September, when trails are less muddy and insect activity is reduced. For photography of the Ñacunday Falls, late afternoon light (approximately 3 PM to 5 PM) offers optimal illumination. Birdwatching is generally most active in the early morning and late afternoon hours.

Facts & Legends

A local legend speaks of the Ñacunday River being guarded by a spirit that protects its waters from pollution. Historically, the area was a significant hunting ground for indigenous Guaraní communities prior to European colonization.

Nearby Landmarks

• Ñacunday Falls (within the reserve)
• Parque Nacional Caazapá (approximately 70km Northwest)
• Ruinas Jesuíticas de Jesús de Tavarangue (approximately 55km West)
• Ruinas Jesuíticas de Santísima Trinidad del Paraná (approximately 60km West)
• Encarnación City Center (approximately 60km West)