Pemba Island | Tanzania

Pemba Island is one of the two major islands that make up the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, alongside Unguja Island (commonly known as Zanzibar Island). Pemba is located to the north of Unguja, about 50 kilometers (31 miles) from the Tanzanian mainland. It is known for its stunning landscapes, rich biodiversity, and peaceful atmosphere. The island is renowned for its unspoiled natural beauty, remote charm, and historical significance.

Geography and Location

• Location: Pemba Island is located just off the northeastern coast of Tanzania, to the north of Zanzibar Island. It is part of the Zanzibar Archipelago, which lies in the Indian Ocean. The island is approximately 985 square kilometers (380 square miles) in size.
• Topography: Pemba is much more hilly and fertile compared to Unguja Island, with a diverse landscape that includes lush green hills, dense forests, beaches, and mangrove swamps. Its highest point is Mt. Weti, which rises to about 400 meters (1,312 feet) above sea level.
• Climate: The island has a tropical climate, with two rainy seasons: the long rains (from March to May) and the short rains (from November to December). The island experiences warm temperatures year-round, with cooling sea breezes along the coastline.

History and Culture

Pemba Island has a long and rich history, deeply influenced by its position as a trading hub in the Indian Ocean.

Early History:

• Pemba, like Zanzibar Island, has been inhabited for centuries, with evidence of early trade contacts with Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants. The island’s strategic location along the Indian Ocean trade routes made it an important center for commerce, particularly in spices and ivory.
• The island was part of the Sultanate of Zanzibar during the 19th century and played a significant role in the spice trade, especially cloves.

Colonial Period:

• During the colonial era, Pemba Island was part of the German East Africa colony before becoming part of British East Africa after World War I.
• In the 20th century, the island experienced several periods of political unrest, especially following the 1964 Zanzibar Revolution, when Zanzibar and Pemba joined the mainland to form the United Republic of Tanzania.

Islamic Influence:

• Like Zanzibar, Pemba Island has a predominantly Muslim population, and Islam has played an important role in shaping the culture and heritage of the island. Visitors can explore numerous mosques, sultan’s palaces, and historical Islamic sites.

Wildlife and Biodiversity

Pemba Island is known for its unique and varied ecosystems, including coastal wetlands, mangrove forests, and tropical rainforests. The island is also home to several important species of flora and fauna, some of which are endemic to the region.

Marine Life:

• Pemba Island is surrounded by pristine coral reefs, which are home to an array of marine life. The island is a popular destination for snorkeling, scuba diving, and deep-sea fishing.
• The coral reefs are inhabited by species such as turtles, dolphins, whale sharks, parrotfish, angel fish, and many other tropical fish.

Birdlife:

• The island is home to many bird species, including sea birds, forest birds, and migratory species. Birdwatching enthusiasts can spot species like the Pemba green pigeon and Pemba sunbird, which are endemic to the island.

Endemic Species:

• Pemba is known for a few endemic species of plants and animals, including the Pemba flying fox (a type of bat) and various rare flora that are found in the island's forests.

Conservation:

• There are several protected areas on the island, including Pemba Island Marine Reserve, which helps conserve the marine ecosystems and biodiversity of the area.

Key Attractions and Activities

Pemba Island is a quieter and more secluded alternative to Zanzibar Island, offering opportunities for nature-based tourism, cultural exploration, and relaxation.

Spice Plantations:

• Pemba is known for its spice plantations, particularly cloves, which are a key export of the island. Visitors can take guided tours of the spice farms, where they can learn about the cultivation and harvesting of spices like cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg, and even sample these spices.

Pemba Island Beaches:

• The island boasts some of the most unspoiled and tranquil beaches in East Africa. Vumawimbi Beach is particularly popular for its soft white sand and crystal-clear waters, ideal for swimming, sunbathing, and relaxing. Waa, Panga, and Shidi Beaches are also notable for their serenity and natural beauty.

Diving and Snorkeling:

• Pemba is a premier destination for underwater activities. The island’s coral reefs and marine life make it a perfect spot for scuba diving and snorkeling. Ngezi Forest and Misali Island, both located nearby, are known for their excellent diving spots.
• Misali Island is also a marine conservation area, known for its pristine coral reefs, sea turtles, and rich fish life.

Pemba’s Forests:

• Ngezi Forest is one of the island's largest forest reserves, known for its rich biodiversity and tropical rainforest. The forest is home to endemic species of flora and fauna, making it a great spot for eco-tourism and birdwatching.
• The Chake Chake area, where the island’s main town is located, also offers a glimpse of Pemba’s lush, green landscape.

Cultural Sites:

• Chake Chake is the island’s main town and a cultural hub. Visitors can explore the town’s local markets, where spices, handicrafts, and fresh produce are sold. There are also local museums showcasing the island’s history and cultural heritage.
• Pemba Island’s Islamic heritage can be explored through its numerous mosques, including the Nungwi Mosque and the Sheikh Omar Mosque.

Pemba Flying Fox Sanctuary:

• One of the unique attractions of the island is the Pemba Flying Fox Sanctuary, where visitors can see the rare Pemba flying fox, a species of fruit bat endemic to the island. The sanctuary is an important conservation project aimed at protecting the species.

Accommodation

Pemba Island offers a range of accommodation options, from luxury resorts to more budget-friendly options. Many of the accommodations are located along the coast, offering stunning views of the ocean.

• Luxury Resorts: These resorts typically provide high-end services, including spa treatments, beach access, and dive centers. Examples include The Manta Resort and Fumba Beach Lodge.
• Mid-Range Lodging: There are several guesthouses, boutique hotels, and eco-lodges for a more affordable stay while still enjoying comfort and proximity to nature.
• Budget Accommodation: For budget travelers, there are local guesthouses and simpler beachfront cottages offering more rustic accommodations.

Getting to Pemba Island

• By Air: The easiest way to reach Pemba Island is by flying. Pemba Airport (PEW) has daily flights from Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam, which are operated by Tanzanian domestic airlines.
• By Ferry: While ferries to Pemba from Zanzibar are available, they are less frequent and may take longer than flying.
• By Boat: Private boat charters are available for those wishing to explore the islands via the sea.

Conclusion

Pemba Island is an idyllic and peaceful destination for those looking to experience a quieter side of the Zanzibar Archipelago. Its unspoiled beaches, lush landscapes, and rich cultural heritage offer a perfect setting for relaxation, nature adventures, and cultural exploration. Whether you are interested in diving, hiking, birdwatching, or just unwinding by the ocean, Pemba Island is a hidden gem waiting to be explored.