Bergamo | Italy

Bergamo is a historic city located in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, near the Alps and about 40 kilometers northeast of Milan. It is a city that beautifully combines the charm of a medieval old town, stunning views of the surrounding mountains, and a vibrant, modern urban life. Bergamo is often considered a hidden gem in Italy, offering visitors a rich cultural heritage, impressive architecture, and a tranquil atmosphere. The city is divided into two parts: the Città Alta (Upper Town) and the Città Bassa (Lower Town), each offering a unique experience.

Historical Overview:

Ancient Origins: Bergamo has a long history that dates back to pre-Roman times. The area was originally inhabited by the Celtic Boii tribe before being conquered by the Romans in the 1st century BCE. The Romans founded the town of Bergomum, and remnants of Roman civilization, such as city walls, gates, and an ancient theater, can still be seen in the modern city.

Medieval and Renaissance Eras: The city's medieval and Renaissance heritage is particularly evident in the Città Alta, which still retains its historic atmosphere, with narrow cobbled streets, ancient buildings, and towering fortifications. In the 12th century, Bergamo became part of the Lombard League, and later, it fell under the control of the Venetian Republic, which had a significant influence on the city’s culture and architecture.

Modern Bergamo: In the 19th and 20th centuries, Bergamo experienced growth and industrialization, but the city has successfully preserved its historical charm. Today, it is a thriving city known for its cultural events, theater performances, gastronomy, and proximity to natural attractions like the Lago di Como and the Alps.

Divisions of the City:

Città Alta (Upper Town):

• The Città Alta is the historic heart of Bergamo, situated on a hill that offers spectacular views of the surrounding area, including the plains below and the distant mountains. The Upper Town is encircled by a well-preserved series of medieval walls, which are part of the Venetian defenses and have been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The Piazza Vecchia is the central square of the Città Alta and is one of the most picturesque squares in Italy. It is surrounded by beautiful buildings, including the Palazzo della Ragione, the Torre Civica, and the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.
• Bergamo’s Duomo (Cathedral) is also located in the Città Alta. The Duomo di Bergamo is an imposing Renaissance-style church that houses important works of art, including frescoes and altarpieces.
• The Piazza del Duomo is another prominent square in the Upper Town, home to the Cappella Colleoni, a splendid Renaissance chapel dedicated to the condottiero Bartolomeo Colleoni.

Città Bassa (Lower Town):

• The Città Bassa is the modern part of Bergamo and is where most of the city’s commerce, shopping, and modern life take place. Here, you’ll find broad streets, lively cafes, shops, and the Piazza Matteotti, a major square that contrasts with the medieval atmosphere of the Upper Town.
• The Lower Town is also home to modern architecture and more contemporary amenities. The Accademia Carrara, one of Italy’s most important art galleries, is located here, housing an impressive collection of works from Italian and international artists.

Main Attractions:

**The Venetian Walls and the Funicular: The Venetian Walls that surround the Upper Town offer panoramic views and are a remnant of the city’s past under Venetian rule. One of the best ways to reach the Città Alta from the Lower Town is by taking the funicular railway, which provides a scenic ride up the hill and connects the two parts of the city.

Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore: A remarkable example of Lombard Romanesque architecture, this church features beautiful interiors, including detailed frescoes and a richly decorated wooden ceiling. The basilica is located near the Piazza Vecchia in the Upper Town and is one of Bergamo’s key religious landmarks.

Cappella Colleoni: A stunning Renaissance chapel, the Cappella Colleoni is known for its elaborate architecture and ornate facade. It houses the tomb of Bartolomeo Colleoni, a prominent Venetian military leader, and is a testament to the wealth and power of the Colleoni family.

Piazza Vecchia: The heart of the Città Alta, Piazza Vecchia is a charming square surrounded by historical buildings. The Palazzo della Ragione and the Torre Civica (civic tower) frame the square, giving it a medieval atmosphere. The square is also home to the Contarini Fountain, which adds a serene element to the space.

Accademia Carrara: Situated in the Lower Town, the Accademia Carrara is one of Italy’s most important art galleries, housing works by Raffaello, Botticelli, Canaletto, and many other famous Italian and European artists. The museum is a must-visit for art lovers.

Teatro Donizetti: Bergamo is the birthplace of the famous composer Gaetano Donizetti, and his legacy is celebrated in the Teatro Donizetti, an elegant theater that hosts a variety of cultural performances, including operas, concerts, and ballets.

Galleria d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea: This museum of modern and contemporary art is located in Bergamo and features works from both Italian and international artists from the 19th and 20th centuries.

Parco dei Colli di Bergamo: The surrounding hills of Bergamo, known as the Parco dei Colli di Bergamo, offer opportunities for hiking, nature walks, and enjoying the spectacular views of the city and the surrounding countryside.

Cittadella di Bergamo: A former fortress, the Cittadella offers panoramic views of Bergamo and is a popular spot for both locals and tourists. It provides insight into the military history of the city and the role of fortifications in its development.

Gastronomy:

Bergamo is known for its traditional Lombard cuisine, which features hearty, rustic dishes. Some local specialties include:

• Polenta: A cornmeal dish often served with meats, cheese, or vegetables.
• Casoncelli: A type of stuffed pasta, typically filled with meat, cheese, and vegetables.
• Stracciatella: A popular broth-based soup made with beaten eggs, Parmesan, and herbs, often served as a starter.
• Torta Donizetti: A local dessert, named after the composer Gaetano Donizetti, made with chocolate and hazelnuts.

Modern Day Bergamo:

Bergamo is a lively city that maintains its historical roots while embracing modernity. It has a strong cultural identity, and the combination of old and new offers a rich experience for visitors. The city is also a popular base for travelers exploring the nearby Lakes of Lombardy, the Alps, and other parts of northern Italy. Bergamo’s Orio al Serio Airport serves as a gateway to the region and is one of the busiest airports in Italy, connecting the city to both national and international destinations.

Conclusion:

Bergamo offers an exceptional mix of history, culture, and scenic beauty. Whether you’re walking through its medieval streets, admiring its Byzantine mosaics and Renaissance churches, or enjoying the views from the Venetian walls, the city offers a wealth of experiences. The Upper Town is a living testament to Italy's rich history, while the Lower Town adds a modern touch, making Bergamo a city that beautifully blends the past with the present.