Mons | Belgium

Mons is a historic city located in the Wallonia region of Belgium, known for its medieval charm, rich cultural heritage, and significant role in Belgian history. It is the capital of the Hainaut province and was designated the European Capital of Culture in 2015, a testament to its vibrant arts and cultural scene. Mons offers a blend of historic landmarks, modern attractions, and festivals, making it a wonderful destination to explore.

History

• Ancient Roots: Mons' history dates back to Roman times, though the city's development accelerated during the Middle Ages. Its location at the crossroads of important trade routes allowed it to grow in both economic and strategic significance.
• Medieval Period: Mons became an important center during the Middle Ages due to its location as a crossroads for trade. The city’s fortifications, such as the Belfry of Mons, reflect its military and civic importance during this era. Mons was also a center of religious influence.
• French and Spanish Control: Throughout the 17th century, the city was caught in the struggle between France and Spain. Mons changed hands several times before becoming part of Belgium following its independence in 1830.
• Industrial Development: Like many Belgian cities, Mons also underwent significant industrialization in the 19th century, particularly in coal mining. This industrial legacy has shaped the city’s architecture and economic history.

Architecture and Landmarks

Mons features a rich array of historical and modern architectural gems, with highlights from its medieval roots to contemporary designs.

• Grand Place (Main Square): The Grand Place is the heart of Mons and is surrounded by beautiful Gothic and Renaissance buildings. This lively square is the center of the city’s social and cultural life, where locals and tourists gather to enjoy cafes, restaurants, and events.
• Belfry of Mons: The Belfry of Mons is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most iconic symbols of the city. This 87-meter-high tower dates back to the 17th century and offers spectacular views over the city. It also houses a carillon, with a series of bells that are played regularly.
• St. Waltrude’s Church: This Gothic church is one of Mons' most impressive landmarks. Built between the 14th and 16th centuries, the church features stunning stained-glass windows, a grand interior, and houses the relics of Saint Waltrude, the patron saint of the city.
• Mons Memorial Museum: This museum, located in the former Belfry of Mons, focuses on the city's involvement in the World Wars, particularly World War I. The museum tells the story of Mons’ strategic importance and its role in the Great War, particularly the Battle of Mons in 1914, which was one of the first major engagements between British and German forces.
• The University of Mons: The University of Mons (UMons) is an important academic institution in the city. Established in its modern form in 2009, it traces its origins back to the 18th century. The university contributes to the city’s youthful energy and innovation in science, technology, and arts.
• Maison des Compagnons: This historical building is one of the oldest in Mons, housing the Compagnons de Saint-Jacques, a historical guild of craftspeople. The building is a key example of the city's medieval architecture.
• The Hôtel de Ville (City Hall): The City Hall of Mons, a striking Renaissance-style building, is located near the Grand Place. It is an important civic building, with a grand façade and an ornate interior featuring elegant artworks and furnishings.

Cultural Scene

Mons has a vibrant cultural life, with numerous events, museums, and artistic expressions throughout the year.

• Doudou Festival: The Doudou Festival is one of the city's most famous celebrations, and it has been recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage event. Held annually in June, it celebrates the legend of Saint George and the Dragon. The festival includes a large procession, traditional music, and the reenactment of the battle between Saint George and the dragon. It draws visitors from all over the world.
• European Capital of Culture 2015: Mons was named the European Capital of Culture in 2015, which marked the city’s transformation into a cultural hub. Events throughout the year included art exhibitions, theater performances, dance festivals, and various international collaborations. The legacy of this year continues to influence the city’s cultural programming today.
• Theatre Royal de Mons: The Theatre Royal de Mons is the main venue for the performing arts in the city. It hosts a wide variety of performances, from opera to ballet and contemporary theater. The theater is a key part of Mons' cultural life and offers both traditional and avant-garde productions.
• Mons Arts and Sciences Museum: The museum offers an excellent collection of art and science exhibits, showcasing both local history and international trends. It includes displays on the industrial revolution, scientific discoveries, and various artistic movements.

Festivals and Events

• Le Marché de Noël (Christmas Market): Mons’ Christmas market is a popular event that takes place in December. The market features a wide variety of seasonal goods, traditional foods, and crafts. The festive atmosphere is enhanced by lights, decorations, and music.
• Mons International Film Festival: The Mons International Film Festival showcases a range of films, from short films to feature-length documentaries and fiction films. The festival attracts filmmakers and audiences from around the world and is a major event in Mons’ cultural calendar.
• Les Nuits de l'Art: This annual event celebrates art and culture with open exhibitions, performances, and workshops. It highlights both emerging and established artists, showcasing their work in galleries, public spaces, and museums.

Cuisine

Mons is known for its Walloon cuisine, which features hearty dishes, rich flavors, and local specialties.

• Speculoos: A type of spiced shortcrust biscuit that is often served during the Christmas season in Mons. The cookies are flavored with cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves.
• Boulets à la Liégeoise: Although originally from Liège, this dish is also popular in Mons. It consists of meatballs in a rich, sweet and sour sauce, typically served with frites (fries).
• Frites: Belgian fries are a national dish and are a must-try when visiting Mons. Served with a variety of sauces, these fries are often eaten with moules (mussels), a famous Belgian dish.
• Tarte au sucre: This is a sweet sugar tart that is often enjoyed for breakfast or as a dessert.

Education and Research

Mons is an important academic center, with various institutions of higher learning and research. Université de Mons (UMons) is the primary university in the city, offering a variety of programs and contributing to the region’s academic reputation. In addition, the Mons Science Park is home to innovative companies and research centers, particularly in the fields of engineering and technology.

Transportation

Mons is well-connected to the rest of Belgium and beyond:

• Train: The Mons Railway Station connects the city to Brussels, Charleroi, and other Belgian cities, with easy connections to France and the Netherlands. The Thalys high-speed train service also passes through Mons.
• Public Transport: Mons has a comprehensive bus system, making it easy to navigate the city. The buses connect various neighborhoods and attractions within the city.
• Cycling: Like many Belgian cities, Mons has a network of cycling paths, promoting a more eco-friendly and active mode of transport.

Conclusion

Mons is a city that blends medieval charm with modern cultural vibrancy. With its historic landmarks, artistic scene, and festivals, it offers visitors a rich experience. Whether you're exploring its cobblestone streets, attending a theater performance, or enjoying its gastronomy, Mons is a city that offers something for everyone, while also reflecting the diverse and evolving identity of Wallonia.