Tournai | Belgium

Tournai is one of the oldest and most historically significant cities in Belgium, located in the Wallonia region, in the province of Hainaut. Situated near the French border, Tournai has played a key role in the history of Belgium, France, and Europe, with a rich past that spans over 2,000 years. Known for its architectural landmarks, particularly its Gothic churches and medieval heritage, Tournai is a fascinating city to visit, offering a mix of historical sites, art, and culture.

History

• Roman Era: Tournai's origins can be traced back to Roman times, where it was known as Turnacum. Its strategic location along the Escaut River made it an important trading and military center.
• Early Medieval Period: Tournai became a major Christian center in the 6th century and was home to the important bishopric of Tournai, which later became part of the Archbishopric of Cambrai. The city also gained prominence during the Carolingian period under Charlemagne.
• Medieval Flourishing: Tournai's significance grew in the Middle Ages, especially under the rule of the Counts of Flanders. It became a prosperous trade city, known for its textile industry, and was often at the heart of political and religious disputes between France, Flanders, and other regions. During this period, many of the city's grand cathedrals and fortifications were constructed.
• Modern History: Tournai has experienced periods of French and Spanish control, and, like many cities in the region, was significantly impacted by the World Wars. However, it has retained much of its historical heritage and continues to be an important center in the province of Hainaut.

Architecture and Landmarks

Tournai is renowned for its exceptionally well-preserved medieval architecture, including several UNESCO World Heritage sites. The city offers visitors a chance to explore its rich past through a mix of Romanesque and Gothic buildings, many of which have been preserved or restored to showcase the city’s historical significance.

• Cathedral of Our Lady (Notre-Dame de Tournai): This Romanesque and Gothic cathedral is one of the most iconic landmarks in Tournai and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Construction began in the 12th century, and it is famous for its five towers and stunning facade. Inside, visitors can admire the medieval sculptures, stained-glass windows, and the magnificent altar. The cathedral's belfry and crypt are also notable features.
• Tournai Belfry: The Belfry of Tournai is another UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the oldest belfries in Belgium. Dating back to the 12th century, it stands 72 meters tall and offers a panoramic view of the city. It is part of a series of medieval bell towers that once symbolized the city's autonomy.
• Pont des Trous: The Pont des Trous is a medieval bridge and one of the best-preserved examples of medieval fortifications in Europe. It was originally built in the 14th century and features defensive towers and drawbridges, showcasing the city’s military past.
• Tournai Town Hall (Hôtel de Ville): The Town Hall is a striking Gothic building, constructed between the 12th and 13th centuries. It has been the center of local government for centuries and is known for its facade, gothic arches, and the large clock tower.
• The Museum of Fine Arts (Musée des Beaux-Arts): Tournai’s Museum of Fine Arts is one of the city’s most important cultural institutions. It houses an impressive collection of art, including works from the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and modern art periods. It features a variety of paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts, with works from artists like James Ensor and René Magritte.
• The Cloth Hall: The Cloth Hall (Halle aux Draps) was once the center of Tournai's thriving textile industry. Today, the building serves as a museum and exhibition hall, with displays that showcase the history of the city’s once-dominant textile trade.
• Tournai’s Old City Walls: The city walls that once encircled Tournai are another key historical feature. Parts of the walls, especially near the Portes de Paris and Portes de Lille, still remain, offering a glimpse into the city’s medieval fortifications.

Culture and Festivals

Tournai is a city rich in cultural traditions, with a variety of festivals, exhibitions, and events throughout the year.

• Fêtes de Saint-Roch: The Fêtes de Saint-Roch is an annual celebration held in Tournai to honor Saint Roch, the patron saint of the city. The festival features processions, music, and traditional activities, making it one of the highlights of the city’s calendar.
• Tournai International Film Festival: The Tournai International Film Festival is an important event for film enthusiasts, with screenings of international films, short films, and documentaries. The festival is an opportunity for filmmakers and film lovers to come together and celebrate the art of cinema.
• Les Nuits de la Fête: This is a summer festival that takes place in the city's squares and parks, offering concerts, performances, and a lively atmosphere. It showcases a range of music genres, from classical to contemporary.
• Museum Nights: During the Museum Night, the city's museums open their doors late for special events and exhibitions, offering a chance to experience Tournai's cultural institutions in a new light.

Cuisine

Tournai offers a variety of traditional Walloon cuisine, which reflects the city's cultural influences and proximity to France.

• Waterzooi: This Belgian stew, often made with chicken or fish, is a staple of Walloon cuisine. The dish is typically served in a creamy broth with vegetables like carrots, leeks, and potatoes.
• Tarte au sucre: A sweet treat from the Walloon region, tarte au sucre is a sugar tart made with brown sugar, butter, and cream, often enjoyed as a dessert or snack.
• Boudin: Boudin is a type of sausage, often served with mashed potatoes or as part of a larger casserole. It is a classic comfort food in Tournai and much of Wallonia.
• Belgian Beer: Tournai, like many Belgian cities, is known for its beer culture. Local breweries produce a variety of Belgian-style beers, ranging from blondes and brunes to belgian tripels and saisons. Visitors can enjoy a refreshing beer in one of the city's many pubs or cafés.

Transportation

Tournai is well-connected by train, bus, and car:

• Tournai Railway Station: Tournai is served by a central train station, with regular connections to Brussels, Lille (France), and Kortrijk. The station is part of the international rail network, making it easy to travel to other Belgian cities and neighboring countries.
• Public Transport: Tournai has an efficient bus system, operated by TEC, which connects various parts of the city and surrounding areas.
• Cycling: The city is also bike-friendly, with several cycling paths that make it easy to explore the city and its surrounding countryside.

Conclusion

Tournai is a city that offers a rich historical and cultural experience, with its medieval landmarks, art museums, festivals, and delicious cuisine. It is a wonderful destination for history buffs, art lovers, and those seeking to experience the charm of one of Belgium's oldest cities. Whether you are exploring its ancient cathedrals, walking along its picturesque streets, or enjoying its vibrant cultural scene, Tournai provides a truly unique and memorable experience.