Makandawa Rainforest Reserve | Colombo

The Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is a hidden gem in Sri Lanka, offering a serene and unspoiled natural environment. It is located in the Kegalle District, which lies in the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka. This rainforest reserve is known for its rich biodiversity, scenic beauty, and opportunities for ecotourism and adventure. It is an ideal destination for nature lovers, bird watchers, and hikers looking to explore the untamed wilderness of Sri Lanka.

1. Location

• District: Kegalle
• Province: Sabaragamuwa
• Coordinates: Approximately 7.249° N latitude and 80.332° E longitude

The Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is located near Pinnawala, a popular tourist destination known for the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage, and is about 90 km from Colombo, making it accessible by road. The reserve is nestled in the Western Slope of the Central Highlands, surrounded by other natural attractions such as the Dumbara Mountain Range and Pinnawala River.

2. Biodiversity and Flora

The Makandawa Rainforest is part of Sri Lanka’s wet zone and is characterized by a rich diversity of both flora and fauna. The forest is a mix of tropical rainforests and montane forests, with lush vegetation and a dense canopy.

• Trees and Plants: The rainforest is home to numerous species of tall trees, including valuable hardwoods like cinnamon, ebony, and rosewood. The area also features many species of ferns, orchids, and medicinal plants. The dense vegetation provides shelter to an array of plant life that thrives in the humid environment.
• Endemic Species: The reserve is notable for its population of endemic plants that are found nowhere else in the world, making it an important site for botanical research and conservation.

3. Fauna

Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is rich in wildlife, making it a great spot for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers. Some of the key animals and birds that can be spotted in the reserve include:

• Mammals: The reserve is home to a variety of mammals, including the Sri Lankan leopard, wild boar, and the Sri Lankan elephant (although sightings of the latter are rare in this area). You may also encounter smaller mammals like monkeys, including the purple-faced langur and the toque macaque.
• Birds: The forest is a birdwatcher’s paradise, with many species of both endemic and migrant birds. Some of the notable bird species include the Sri Lanka blue magpie, yellow-fronted barbet, and white-faced starling.
• Reptiles and Amphibians: The area also hosts various species of reptiles, including snakes, lizards, and frogs that thrive in the moist environment.
• Insects: With its dense vegetation, the rainforest is also home to an array of insects, from butterflies and beetles to moths and caterpillars.

4. Activities and Things to Do

The Makandawa Rainforest Reserve offers a variety of activities for nature lovers, adventure seekers, and those interested in ecotourism:

• Trekking and Hiking: The reserve offers a range of hiking trails through its thick jungle. These treks provide the chance to explore the natural beauty of the forest, including streams, waterfalls, and scenic viewpoints.
• Birdwatching: With its high concentration of endemic bird species, the reserve is a fantastic place for birdwatching. Enthusiasts can spot a variety of species, especially in the early morning and late afternoon when the birds are most active.
• Photography: The rainforest’s lush vegetation, waterfalls, and wildlife provide excellent opportunities for photography. The interplay of light and shadows through the dense canopy, along with the vibrant colors of the forest, make it an ideal location for nature photographers.
• Wildlife Observation: If you're lucky, you can spot wildlife while trekking, particularly monkeys and various bird species. The area is relatively untouched by human activity, providing a true wilderness experience.
• Waterfalls and Streams: The reserve has a number of small waterfalls and streams running through it. Some of the water features are secluded and offer a tranquil spot to rest during a hike.

5. Conservation Efforts

Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is an important area for biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka. The reserve plays a role in preserving the natural ecosystem of the wet zone of the island, which has been threatened by deforestation, logging, and human encroachment.

Efforts have been made to protect the area through sustainable eco-tourism initiatives, where visitors are encouraged to respect the environment, avoid littering, and adhere to responsible tourism practices. The reserve is part of Sri Lanka's broader efforts to maintain its natural heritage and protect endangered species and habitats.

6. Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit the Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is during the dry season, which runs from December to April. During this period, the weather is generally more favorable for hiking and outdoor activities. The monsoon season, from May to November, brings heavy rains, which can make the trails slippery and more difficult to navigate.

However, visiting during the wet season also has its charm, as the forest is lush and vibrant, and waterfalls are at their most spectacular. But visitors should be prepared for rainy conditions and the possibility of mudslides in some areas.

7. How to Get There

• From Colombo: The Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is approximately 90 km from Colombo, which takes around 3-4 hours to reach by car. The most common route is via the A1 Highway through Kegalle, then turning off towards Pinnawala and following local roads to the reserve.
• From Kandy: The reserve is about 22 km from Kandy, a drive that takes around 45 minutes to 1 hour. Visitors can travel through the A26 Highway and make their way towards the reserve.
• By Public Transport: Public transportation to the reserve is limited, but you can take a bus to Pinnawala and then use a local tuk-tuk or taxi to reach the rainforest reserve.

8. Nearby Attractions

• Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage: Located just a short distance away from the Makandawa Rainforest, the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage is a must-visit for animal lovers. It is home to a large population of rescued elephants, and visitors can watch them bathe and feed.
• Dumbara Mountain Range: The Dumbara Mountain Range offers a scenic backdrop to the Makandawa Rainforest. It is also home to diverse flora and fauna and is perfect for trekking.
• Pinnawala River: The Pinnawala River, which flows near the Makandawa Rainforest, offers opportunities for boating and picnicking.

9. Conclusion

The Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is an ideal destination for those looking to experience Sri Lanka’s natural beauty in its purest form. Whether you’re hiking through dense jungle, birdwatching, or simply soaking in the tranquility of the forest, the reserve offers an immersive experience in the heart of Sri Lanka’s biodiversity. For nature enthusiasts, wildlife lovers, and those seeking adventure, the Makandawa Rainforest Reserve is a must-visit location that offers a peaceful retreat into one of the island’s most scenic natural environments.