Natural History Museum | Mdina

The National Museum of Natural History in Malta is located in Vilhena Palace in Mdina, the island’s former capital. The museum is one of Malta’s most important institutions dedicated to preserving and showcasing the island's rich natural heritage, including its geology, flora, fauna, and fossils. It provides visitors with an in-depth understanding of the natural environment of Malta and its surrounding areas, from prehistoric times to the present day.

Historical Context

• The National Museum of Natural History was established in the 1970s, although the building itself dates back to the 18th century. It was housed in Vilhena Palace, a Baroque residence originally built for the Grand Master Antonio Manoel de Vilhena of the Order of St. John. The palace’s architecture and setting are as much a part of the museum experience as the exhibits inside.
• Before it became the museum, the building was used for various purposes, including as a residence for the Grand Master and later as a military officers’ club. In the 20th century, it was repurposed to house Malta's natural history collection.

Exhibits and Collections

The museum’s collections provide a comprehensive view of Malta’s natural history, covering multiple aspects of the island’s environment, from its geology to the animal life that has inhabited it.

1. Geological and Fossil Collection

• The geology section of the museum includes an extensive collection of fossils, showcasing the prehistoric life that existed on the island. These fossils date back millions of years and provide insight into Malta’s geological evolution.
• Exhibits highlight the Pleistocene era, with a particular focus on the island's paleontological history, featuring fossils of marine creatures and terrestrial mammals that lived on the island during the Ice Age.

2. Flora and Fauna

• The museum’s botanical collection showcases the diversity of Malta’s plant life, from its native species to the introduced varieties. Visitors can see detailed specimens of local flowers, shrubs, and trees, and learn about the role they play in the island’s ecosystems.
• The fauna section highlights the various animal species found in Malta, both native and migratory. This includes a display of the island’s endemic species such as the Maltese wall lizard and the Maltese freshwater crab. The collection also includes taxidermy specimens of birds, mammals, and marine life.

3. Marine Life

• The museum features a dedicated section to marine life, including detailed exhibits on Malta’s surrounding seas and the creatures that inhabit them. Visitors can explore the rich marine biodiversity of the Mediterranean, including fish species, marine mammals, and the marine invertebrates that thrive in the region.

4. Insects and Invertebrates

• The insect collection is diverse, with specimens from local, European, and exotic species. The museum offers insight into the role of insects in the ecosystem, as well as how they affect Malta’s agriculture and wildlife.

5. Malta’s Natural Ecosystems

• The museum’s exhibits also highlight Malta’s ecosystems, including the coastal zones, garigue, and woodland areas. Information is provided on how these habitats have evolved over time, as well as the human impact on the environment.

Educational and Interactive Features

• The National Museum of Natural History is designed to be an educational resource for visitors of all ages. In addition to the permanent exhibits, the museum offers interactive displays and educational programs that engage visitors with the island's natural wonders. These programs include workshops, guided tours, and lectures on topics related to Malta’s natural environment.
• The museum often organizes special exhibits and temporary collections that focus on specific aspects of the natural sciences, such as climate change, conservation efforts, and environmental protection.

The Building: Vilhena Palace

• The Vilhena Palace, the building housing the museum, is a Baroque palace that adds another layer of significance to the museum experience. The architecture of the palace itself is a striking example of Maltese Baroque, with intricate stone carvings, symmetrical facades, and spacious, airy rooms.
• The museum is spread over multiple floors of the palace, with rooms dedicated to different aspects of natural history. The palace’s gardens also provide a peaceful setting and offer views over the surrounding countryside of Mdina and Rabat.

Visitor Information

• Opening Hours: The museum is typically open every day, but hours may vary, especially during public holidays or special events. It is advisable to check ahead for updated information.
• Admission Fees: There is a small fee for entry, which contributes to the upkeep of the museum and its exhibits.
• Accessibility: The museum is located in Mdina, which is a historical city with narrow streets and elevated terrain. While the museum itself is accessible, visitors with mobility challenges may find parts of the city difficult to navigate. It is best to plan ahead for accessibility options.
• Guided Tours: The museum offers guided tours in multiple languages, providing deeper insights into the exhibits and the natural history of Malta.

Conclusion

The National Museum of Natural History in Vilhena Palace is an invaluable resource for those interested in Malta’s natural heritage. Its fascinating collections offer a glimpse into the evolution of life on the island, from its prehistoric past to its current ecosystems. Whether you are a nature enthusiast, a history lover, or a family looking for an educational experience, the museum is a must-visit destination in Mdina. The combination of rich exhibits, interactive learning experiences, and the palace's architecture makes it a rewarding stop for anyone visiting Malta.