Old Fortress of Corfu | Corfu

The Old Fortress of Corfu (also known as the Paleokastritsa Fortress) is a historic fortification located in the heart of Corfu Town, Greece. It is one of the most prominent landmarks on the island, offering a fascinating glimpse into Corfu's strategic military past, as well as spectacular views of the surrounding area. The Old Fortress is an impressive example of Venetian military architecture and has played a crucial role in the defense of Corfu over the centuries.

Key Features of the Old Fortress of Corfu:

Historical Background:

• The Old Fortress was originally built by the Byzantines in the 6th century AD, but the Venetians are credited with its significant development during the 15th and 16th centuries. The fortress was intended to protect Corfu from invasions, particularly from the Ottomans.
• The Venetians fortified the site, adding a series of walls, bastions, and a moat. Over time, the fortress became a key part of Corfu's defense system. It was also used as a naval base and played a critical role in several military conflicts, including the Siege of Corfu in 1716, when the Venetians successfully repelled the Ottomans.

Architectural Features:

• The fortress is built on a small island that is separated from the mainland by a wide moat. The structure is a combination of Venetian, Byzantine, and British architectural styles, with several additions and modifications made over the centuries.
• The fortress is divided into two parts: the upper fortress and the lower fortress. The upper fortress is the highest point and is where the majority of the fortress’s structures are located, including the barracks, watchtowers, and defensive walls.
• The lower fortress includes the entrance gate, the moat, and various outbuildings. The most iconic feature of the lower fortress is the drawbridge that connects the fortress to the rest of the town, allowing access to the island.

Key Structures and Areas:

• The Main Gate: The entrance to the fortress is marked by a large stone archway, which is adorned with various coats of arms and inscriptions from the Venetian period. The main gate leads into the fortress complex, where visitors can explore the various rooms and defensive structures.
• The Clock Tower: One of the most recognizable features of the Old Fortress is the Clock Tower. It was added during the Venetian period and offers sweeping views of the town and the sea. The clock itself is a later addition, and the tower serves as a symbol of the fortress’s strategic importance.
• The Greek Orthodox Church of Saint George: Located within the fortress grounds, this church was built by the British in the early 19th century. It is designed in the neoclassical style, with a Doric columned portico. The church was dedicated to Saint George and served as a place of worship for the British garrison during their occupation of Corfu.
• The Bastions and Defensive Walls: The fortress is surrounded by massive defensive walls, which were designed to protect it from enemy attacks. The bastions at the corners of the fortress offer great vantage points, and some of them contain cannons, which were used during the Venetian and British periods.
• The Dungeons and Tunnels: Some parts of the Old Fortress include hidden tunnels and dungeons, which were used for storage, escape routes, or imprisonment during wartime. Visitors can explore these areas, which give insight into the fortress's complex and strategic layout.
• The Lighthouse: Located at the edge of the fortress, the lighthouse offers one of the best spots to view the Ionian Sea and the Corfu Channel. The lighthouse has been a part of the fortress since British times, adding to the site's overall military significance.

Panoramic Views:

• One of the main attractions of the Old Fortress is the stunning panoramic views it offers of Corfu Town, the Ionian Sea, and the surrounding coastline. Visitors can walk along the ramparts and enjoy the breathtaking scenery, including views of the nearby New Fortress and Liston Promenade.
• The elevated position of the fortress also allows a commanding view of the Old Town of Corfu, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its Venetian architecture, narrow streets, and charming squares.

Museum and Exhibitions:

• Today, the Old Fortress houses a museum that displays artifacts and exhibits related to the history of the fortress and the island of Corfu. These include weapons, military uniforms, maps, and artifacts from various periods of the fortress's long history. The museum provides historical context to the site, explaining its strategic importance and the role it played in Corfu's defense.
• Additionally, temporary exhibitions are often held within the fortress, showcasing art, history, and culture related to the island and its military past.

Modern Usage:

• The Old Fortress remains an important cultural site for Corfu and is one of the most visited tourist attractions on the island. It hosts various events, including classical music concerts and cultural performances during the summer months, making it a vibrant part of Corfu’s cultural scene.
• It is also a popular destination for photography enthusiasts, offering unique perspectives on Corfu Town, the Old Port, and the Sea Channel.

Visiting the Old Fortress:

• The Old Fortress is located in the eastern part of Corfu Town, and visitors can easily reach it by foot, as it is just a short walk from the town center. The fortress is open to the public daily, and an entrance fee is usually charged to visit the site.
• It is advisable to wear comfortable shoes, as there is a lot of walking and climbing involved, especially if you plan to explore the upper areas of the fortress and enjoy the views.
• The site is family-friendly, and there are plenty of areas to sit and relax, especially along the fortress walls.

Conclusion:

The Old Fortress of Corfu is an iconic landmark that offers a fascinating look at the island’s military history, stunning architecture, and beautiful vistas. Whether you're interested in history, architecture, or simply looking for a scenic spot to take in the views, the Old Fortress provides a rich cultural experience. From its Venetian and British-era fortifications to its panoramic views and intriguing museum exhibitions, the Old Fortress remains a must-see attraction for anyone visiting Corfu.