Ayutthaya Historical Park | Ayutthaya

Ayutthaya Historical Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the city of Ayutthaya, Thailand. It is one of the most important historical and cultural landmarks in the country, showcasing the ruins of the ancient capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which flourished from 1350 to 1767.

History and Significance

• Foundation of Ayutthaya: The city of Ayutthaya was founded in 1350 by King U-Thong, and it became the capital of the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, which was one of the most prosperous and powerful kingdoms in Southeast Asia. It was strategically located at the confluence of the Chao Phraya, Lopburi, and Pa Sak rivers, making it a major center for trade, culture, and politics.
• Destruction by the Burmese: In 1767, after more than four centuries of glory, Ayutthaya was invaded and destroyed by the Burmese army. The city was looted, temples were burned, and many structures were left in ruins. Despite the devastation, many historical monuments remain, and they provide a glimpse into the grandeur of the ancient capital.

Ayutthaya Historical Park

The Ayutthaya Historical Park covers a vast area that includes the ruins of several important temples, palaces, and monuments. These remnants offer visitors a chance to explore the rich cultural and architectural heritage of the kingdom.

Key Attractions Within Ayutthaya Historical Park

Wat Mahathat (Temple of the Great Relic)

• One of the most famous and photographed temples in Ayutthaya, Wat Mahathat is known for its large central prang (tower) and the iconic Buddha head entwined in tree roots. The temple was once a major religious and royal center and housed important relics of the Buddha. Its unique architecture and the mysterious Buddha head make it a must-see attraction.

Wat Phra Si Sanphet

• This was the largest and most important temple in the Ayutthaya Kingdom, located in the royal palace complex. The temple is known for its three large, beautifully restored chedis (stupas) that house the remains of past kings. It served as a model for the Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha) in Bangkok.

Wat Ratchaburana

• Built by King Borommarachathirat II in 1424, this temple is famous for its well-preserved prang and beautiful interior murals. The temple was built on the site where two brothers, sons of King Intharacha, died in a battle for the throne. Inside the prang, visitors can find an ancient crypt containing relics and artifacts.

Wat Phra Ram

• This temple is located near the royal palace and is known for its prang (tower) and several chedis. It was constructed by King Ramesuan in honor of his father, King U-Thong, and it features impressive ruins that show the grandeur of the Ayutthaya architectural style.

Wat Chaiwatthanaram

• One of the most stunning temples in Ayutthaya, Wat Chaiwatthanaram was built by King Prasat Thong in 1630 and is modeled after the Angkor Wat temple in Cambodia. Its central prang is surrounded by several smaller chedis, creating a breathtaking visual. The temple is located along the banks of the Chao Phraya River, offering scenic views.

Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon

• Known for its towering chedi (stupa), Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon was built by King U-Thong and later restored by King Naresuan. The temple is famous for its large reclining Buddha statue and rows of seated Buddha figures around the temple.

Ayutthaya Historical Study Center

• This museum is located near the ruins of Wat Phra Si Sanphet and offers an in-depth look at the history of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. The museum features exhibits on the kingdom's culture, economy, politics, and art, as well as artifacts from the ancient city.

Elephant Kraal

• The Elephant Kraal was a royal elephant camp where the kings of Ayutthaya would tame and train elephants. The site features a large, circular structure with a fence, and visitors can learn about the important role elephants played in the kingdom's military and cultural life.

Other Points of Interest

• Bang Pa-In Summer Palace: Located about 20 kilometers south of Ayutthaya, the Bang Pa-In Palace was used by Thai kings as a summer retreat. The palace complex features a mix of architectural styles, including European, Chinese, and Thai influences.
• Chao Sam Phraya National Museum: Located near Wat Ratchaburana, this museum houses a vast collection of artifacts from the Ayutthaya period, including golden Buddha statues, jewelry, and pottery.

Activities at Ayutthaya Historical Park

Exploring on Foot or by Bike:

• The Ayutthaya Historical Park is expansive, and the best way to explore the ruins is by walking or biking. Many tourists rent bicycles to easily move between the various temples and attractions. Bicycle rentals are available near the entrance to the park.

Boat Tours:

• A boat tour along the Chao Phraya River is a great way to see Ayutthaya from a different perspective. Several boat tours offer views of the temples and the surrounding landscape, including a visit to Wat Chaiwatthanaram.

Photography:

• Ayutthaya Historical Park is a paradise for photographers, with its well-preserved temples, ancient ruins, and the lush greenery surrounding them. The golden hour, just before sunset, is the perfect time to capture the beauty of the temples in soft, warm light.

Visiting Ayutthaya Historical Park

• Opening Hours: The park is open daily from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
• Entrance Fee: There is an entrance fee for the Ayutthaya Historical Park, with separate fees for different temples. Some temples have a combined ticket, while others may require individual tickets.
• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Ayutthaya is during the cooler months, from November to February, when the weather is more comfortable for exploring. However, the park is open year-round and can be visited at any time.

How to Get There

• By Car: Ayutthaya is about 80 kilometers north of Bangkok, and it takes around 1 to 1.5 hours to reach by car via the Phahonyothin Road or Highway 32.
• By Train: Ayutthaya is accessible by train from Bangkok’s Hua Lamphong Station, with regular services that take approximately 1.5 to 2 hours.
• By Bus: Buses to Ayutthaya depart regularly from Bangkok’s Northern Bus Terminal (Mo Chit) and take around 1.5 to 2 hours.

Conclusion

Ayutthaya Historical Park is a remarkable site that offers a fascinating glimpse into Thailand’s rich cultural and historical heritage. With its ancient temples, impressive ruins, and beautiful surroundings, it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, and photography. A visit to Ayutthaya is a journey back in time to the glorious days of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.