Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs | Dambulla

The Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs are an important archaeological site located near Dambulla, in the Matale District of Sri Lanka. This site is known for its well-preserved megalithic tombs and offers fascinating insights into the prehistoric period of Sri Lanka. It is believed to be one of the key burial sites of the ancient inhabitants of the island, providing valuable information about the island's early civilization.

1. Overview

• Location: Near Dambulla, in the Matale District, about 15 km north of the town.
• Period: The tombs date back to the early Iron Age (around 1000 BCE to 500 BCE), and the site is known for its association with the Megalithic Culture of Sri Lanka.
• Historical Significance: The tombs are among the most well-preserved megalithic burial sites in Sri Lanka and offer a glimpse into the funerary practices of early Sri Lankan societies.

2. Features of the Site

The Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs consist of a series of stone burial structures that are thought to have been used by early agricultural societies. The site contains various types of tombs, each with unique construction styles and burial practices. The tombs can be divided into the following categories:

Stone Cists (Cist Graves):

• These are rectangular stone enclosures, sometimes surrounded by a stone circle, where the remains of the deceased were placed. The cists are made of large stone slabs, and the body would have been placed within the cist, covered with another set of stones.
• Some tombs have evidence of cremation, while others contain human skeletons, indicating a blend of burial and cremation practices.

Circular Stone Structures:

• Some of the tombs have circular stone structures, likely used for burial purposes or marking the graves of prominent individuals. These circular structures are often made with large boulders and may have originally had wooden or thatched coverings.

Artifacts and Human Remains:

• Excavations at the site have revealed various artifacts, including pottery, tools, and ornaments. These items are often associated with daily life and may have been placed with the deceased for the afterlife.
• The remains found at the site suggest that the individuals buried here were part of a neolithic or early Iron Age society, with evidence pointing to agricultural communities.

3. Archaeological Significance

• The Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs provide significant insight into the early Iron Age society of Sri Lanka. The tombs suggest that the people of this period were transitioning from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to more settled, agrarian societies.
• The site reveals a lot about funerary practices, which were characterized by the use of stone enclosures and sometimes the inclusion of artifacts in graves. The use of stone for burial structures is indicative of the early use of megalithic architecture.
• The presence of pottery and tools found in the tombs provides information about the material culture of these early civilizations, including their craftsmanship, daily life, and religious beliefs.

4. Excavations and Findings

• The site was first excavated in the 1970s, and since then, various research teams have uncovered important artifacts and evidence about the burial practices and culture of the early settlers.
• Artifacts Found: These include pottery shards, iron tools, beads, and animal bones, which provide evidence of the type of materials used in daily life. The discovery of human remains suggests a connection to the Iron Age period.
• Dating: The tombs have been dated to approximately 1000 BCE to 500 BCE, based on the style of the pottery and other artifacts found.

5. Visiting the Site

Access:

• The Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs are located off the main Dambulla-Kandy Road and are easily accessible by vehicle or tuk-tuk from Dambulla. The site is around 15 kilometers from Dambulla town.

What to See:

• The site consists of several stone cists, some of which have been preserved in their original state, while others have been partially reconstructed.
• Visitors can observe the arrangement of the stones, the burial structures, and the surrounding environment.
• There is also a small museum near the site where visitors can view artifacts that were discovered during excavations, providing further context and historical information about the tombs.

6. Importance of the Site

• Historical Value: The Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs are significant for understanding the early history of Sri Lanka, offering a glimpse into the social and cultural practices of ancient communities.
• Archaeological Insights: The tombs and artifacts provide critical information about the development of early agricultural societies and the transition to metalworking and iron tools in Sri Lanka.
• Cultural Heritage: The site is a valuable part of Sri Lanka's cultural heritage, shedding light on prehistoric human activities and practices that are crucial for understanding the island’s history.

7. Best Time to Visit

• The best time to visit is during the dry season (from May to September), when the weather is more favorable for outdoor activities and exploring archaeological sites.
• Early morning or late afternoon is also a good time to visit, as temperatures will be cooler, and the site will be less crowded.

8. Nearby Attractions

• Dambulla Cave Temple (Golden Temple of Dambulla): A UNESCO World Heritage Site located nearby, famous for its cave temples adorned with stunning murals and Buddha statues.
• Sigiriya Rock Fortress: An ancient rock fortress and palace, about 20 km from Dambulla, offering panoramic views and historical ruins.
• Minneriya National Park: Famous for its large population of wild elephants, located about 30 minutes from Dambulla.

9. Tips for Visiting

• Footwear: As the site involves some walking around rocky areas, it’s advisable to wear comfortable footwear.
• Hydration: Bring water, especially if visiting during the hot midday hours.
• Respect the Site: As with all archaeological sites, visitors should be respectful of the heritage and refrain from touching or disturbing the artifacts.
• Photography: Visitors are allowed to take photographs of the tombs and surrounding areas, but it is important to be respectful and avoid capturing images of any religious or sacred objects that may be present.

10. Why Visit Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs?

• Historical Insights: The tombs offer fascinating insights into early Sri Lankan society and burial customs, revealing the island’s rich archaeological history.
• Cultural Experience: Visiting the site provides a unique opportunity to connect with the ancient past of Sri Lanka and better understand the evolution of its early civilizations.
• Peaceful Surroundings: The site is relatively quiet and serene, providing a peaceful atmosphere for visitors interested in history and archaeology.

The Ibbankatuwa Megalithic Tombs are a must-see for those interested in Sri Lanka’s prehistoric past, offering an excellent opportunity to explore one of the island's most significant archaeological sites. Whether you are a history enthusiast or simply looking to connect with Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage, this site provides a unique and enriching experience.