Old town of Constantine | Constantine

Old Town of Constantine, Algeria – In Detail

Overview

The old town of Constantine, one of Algeria’s most historically and culturally rich cities, is a living museum of ancient civilizations. Known as the "City of Bridges", Constantine is famous for its dramatic cliffs, deep gorges, and impressive Ottoman-era architecture. The old town, or Casbah, is a maze of narrow streets, traditional houses, and historic sites that reflect its long and diverse history.

Historical Background

Constantine is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a history dating back over 2,500 years. Originally founded by the Phoenicians as Sewa, it later became part of Numidia and was named Cirta. It was a key center of commerce and culture in North Africa.

Numidian Era (3rd century BCE): Cirta was the capital of the Numidian Kingdom under King Massinissa.

Roman Period (2nd century CE): The city was renamed Constantina in honor of Emperor Constantine the Great after he rebuilt it in 313 CE following destruction in a civil war.

Byzantine & Islamic Periods (6th–15th centuries): The city saw influences from Byzantines, Arab conquerors, and Berber dynasties, making it an important Islamic cultural and religious hub.

Ottoman Rule (16th–19th centuries): Constantine became a major center under Ottoman rule, and many of the old town’s surviving buildings date from this era.

French Colonial Period (1837–1962): The French modernized parts of the city but preserved much of the old town, which remained a center of Algerian resistance during the War of Independence.

Key Features of the Old Town

1. The Casbah (Medina of Constantine)

The heart of old Constantine, the Casbah, is a network of narrow, winding streets, traditional houses, and small courtyards. The architecture reflects Ottoman, Andalusian, and Arab influences. Some homes still feature intricately carved wooden doors, tiled courtyards, and traditional fountains.

2. The Palace of Ahmed Bey

Built in the early 19th century, this is one of the finest examples of Ottoman architecture in Algeria.

Features beautiful mosaics, wooden ceilings, and lush gardens.

Served as the residence of Ahmed Bey, the last Ottoman governor of Constantine before the French conquest in 1837.

3. The Great Mosque of Constantine (Djamaa El Kebir)

One of the oldest mosques in Constantine, dating back to 1136 CE.

Built during the Almoravid dynasty, later expanded by the Ottomans.

Known for its simple yet elegant Moorish design and its historical significance as a center of Islamic scholarship.

4. Sidi M’Cid Bridge & Gorges of Rhumel

The Sidi M’Cid Bridge (built in 1912) connects the old town with modern Constantine, spanning the Rhumel Gorge at a height of 175 meters (574 feet).

The gorge itself adds to the city’s natural defenses and dramatic scenery.

5. Souika Quarter

The old market area, full of traditional souks (markets) selling spices, textiles, jewelry, and handcrafted goods.

A bustling area where visitors can experience local Algerian culture.

6. The Emir Abdelkader Mosque

Though more modern (completed in 1994), it is one of the largest mosques in Africa and an important landmark near the old town.

Features impressive Islamic architecture with two towering minarets (107m high) and intricate tilework.

Cultural Significance

The old town remains an important center of Algerian heritage, with many traditional customs, crafts, and religious practices preserved.

The Sufi traditions of Constantine, including Islamic music, poetry, and spiritual practices, are still alive in the medina.

Tourism and Preservation

The old town of Constantine is considered a national treasure but faces challenges from modernization and lack of restoration efforts.

Efforts are being made to preserve its historical buildings and promote cultural tourism.

Conclusion

The old town of Constantine is a historical gem, offering a glimpse into Algeria’s ancient past and Islamic heritage. With its Ottoman palaces, mosques, bustling markets, and stunning views over the Rhumel Gorge, it remains one of the most fascinating and picturesque medinas in North Africa.