Ramkhamhaeng National Museum | Sukhothai

Ramkhamhaeng National Museum: A Treasure Trove of Sukhothai History

The Ramkhamhaeng National Museum, located in Sukhothai Historical Park, Thailand, is a key institution dedicated to preserving and showcasing artifacts from the Sukhothai Kingdom (13th–15th century) and surrounding regions. Named after King Ramkhamhaeng the Great, who is credited with establishing the Thai script and strengthening Sukhothai’s cultural and political influence, the museum serves as an essential site for understanding Thailand’s early history, art, and religion.

History and Establishment

The museum was officially opened in 1960 under the guidance of Thailand’s Fine Arts Department to preserve and display important archaeological finds from Sukhothai and nearby historical sites. The idea was to create a central repository where artifacts from various temple ruins could be safeguarded and studied. Over time, the museum has expanded its collection, incorporating objects from the Si Satchanalai and Kamphaeng Phet historical parks, which were major cities during the Sukhothai era.

Museum Layout and Collections

The museum consists of several exhibition halls, an outdoor sculpture garden, and a display of ancient kilns and artifacts. The exhibits provide insight into the architecture, religion, daily life, and craftsmanship of the Sukhothai period.

1. The Main Exhibition Hall (King Ramkhamhaeng Hall)

• Features a large bronze statue of King Ramkhamhaeng at the entrance.
• Displays ancient inscriptions, including a replica of the famous Ramkhamhaeng Inscription, which is considered Thailand’s first written record.
• Showcases Sukhothai-period Buddha images, crafted in the elegant Sukhothai style, characterized by graceful, slim bodies and serene facial expressions.

2. The Archaeological Hall

• Houses excavated artifacts, including pottery, tools, ceramics, and household items used by Sukhothai residents.
• Displays ancient gold jewelry, coins, and Buddhist votive tablets found in temple ruins.
• Includes an extensive collection of Sangkhalok ceramics, a signature export of Sukhothai that was traded with China and Southeast Asia.

3. The Outdoor Sculpture Garden

• Features large Buddha statues, stone pillars, and sandstone carvings from ruined temples.
• Displays stone dharmachakras (Wheel of Dharma), representing the spread of Buddhism in Thailand.
• Showcases elephant and lion statues, which were used as temple guardians.

4. Ancient Kilns and Ceramics Section

• Highlights the Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai kilns, which were used to produce high-quality ceramics.
• Displays glazed and unglazed pottery, including bowls, plates, and vases with intricate designs.

Significance of the Ramkhamhaeng Inscription

One of the museum’s most important artifacts is a replica of the Ramkhamhaeng Inscription (the original is in Bangkok’s National Museum). This stone inscription, dated to 1292, provides evidence of King Ramkhamhaeng’s rule, the establishment of the Thai alphabet, and the governance of Sukhothai. The inscription describes Sukhothai as a prosperous and just kingdom, emphasizing freedom, trade, and Buddhism as core aspects of society.

Why Visit the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum?

• Deep Dive into Sukhothai’s History: The museum provides historical context to the ruins of Sukhothai, helping visitors understand the kingdom’s culture, art, and daily life.
• Unique Artifacts: The collection includes rare Buddha images, inscriptions, and ceramics that showcase the artistic achievements of the era.
• Beautiful Outdoor Setting: The museum’s sculpture garden offers a peaceful atmosphere, perfect for appreciating the grandeur of Sukhothai’s artistic legacy.

Visitor Information

• Location: Near Sukhothai Historical Park, Sukhothai, Thailand.
• Opening Hours: Usually open Wednesday to Sunday, from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM.
• Admission Fee: Typically around 150 THB for foreigners and 30 THB for Thai citizens.

Conclusion

The Ramkhamhaeng National Museum is an essential stop for history and archaeology enthusiasts visiting Sukhothai Historical Park. Its impressive collection of Buddhist art, ancient inscriptions, ceramics, and sculptures provides a deeper understanding of Thailand’s early civilization and cultural heritage.