Puttalam | Sri Lanka

Puttalam: A Coastal Gateway in Sri Lanka

Puttalam is a vibrant town located in the Northwestern Province of Sri Lanka. It is known for its scenic coastal beauty, rich culture, and historical significance. Situated on the edge of the Puttalam Lagoon and near the Indian Ocean, this area offers a mix of natural attractions, cultural experiences, and opportunities for relaxation by the sea.

Geography and Climate

• Location: Approximately 160 km north of Colombo and about 40 km south of the Jaffna Peninsula.
• Geography: Puttalam is situated on the southwestern coast of the Puttalam Lagoon and is known for its salt flats, beaches, and coastal wetlands.
• Climate: The town experiences a tropical climate, with hot and dry conditions, especially during the dry season. The average temperature ranges between 27°C to 32°C (81°F to 89°F). Puttalam receives rainfall mainly during the southwest monsoon (May to September).
  • Best Time to Visit: November to April is ideal for sightseeing and beach activities, with pleasant weather.

History

• Ancient Significance: Puttalam has been a historically significant area, with evidence of settlement dating back to ancient times. It was historically a key area for salt production and fishing.
• Colonial Influence: During the colonial period, the Portuguese and Dutch were involved in the region's salt industry. The Dutch built forts in the area, contributing to its historical legacy.
• Modern Development: Today, Puttalam is a growing commercial hub, known for its salt industry, fishing activities, and agricultural produce.

Key Attractions

1. Puttalam Lagoon

• One of the most beautiful natural attractions in the area, the Puttalam Lagoon is a vast and tranquil water body that stretches along the coast.
• The lagoon is home to diverse marine life and is an excellent spot for birdwatching, with migratory birds such as flamingos and herons visiting during certain seasons.
• It is also a perfect place for boat rides and exploring the natural beauty of the surrounding wetlands.

2. Wilpattu National Park

• Located about 30 km north of Puttalam, Wilpattu is one of Sri Lanka's oldest and largest national parks.
• The park is famous for its "Villu" (natural lakes) and is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including leopards, elephants, bears, and numerous bird species.
• Wilpattu offers excellent opportunities for safaris, with well-maintained trails and various vantage points to observe the animals in their natural habitat.

3. Dutch Fort

• The Dutch Fort in Puttalam is a historical structure that dates back to the 17th century, built by the Dutch to fortify the coastal area.
• Though much of the fort is in ruins, it remains an important landmark in Puttalam's colonial history and a reminder of Sri Lanka’s colonial past.

4. Anawilundawa Wetland Sanctuary

• Located near Puttalam, the Anawilundawa Wetland Sanctuary is an important conservation area for both migratory and resident birds.
• The sanctuary features a rich ecosystem of lagoons, marshes, and forests and offers opportunities for birdwatching, nature walks, and photography.
• The wetland is recognized as an important site for environmental conservation and biodiversity.

5. Kalpitiya

• About 40 km northwest of Puttalam, Kalpitiya is a beautiful coastal town that attracts visitors for its beaches, kite surfing, and dolphin watching.
• Kalpitiya is also home to the Kalpitiya Lagoon, which offers opportunities for water sports such as kayaking and boat tours.
• The area is known for its secluded beaches, making it a great place for a peaceful beach holiday.

6. Thalawila Church

• A well-known Catholic church located on the outskirts of Puttalam, Thalawila Church is famous for its stunning architecture and peaceful atmosphere.
• The church is a pilgrimage site, and its annual festivals draw thousands of devotees from across the island.

7. Munneswaram Temple

• Situated near Puttalam, Munneswaram is a Hindu temple that is considered one of the oldest and most important religious sites for Hindus in Sri Lanka.
• The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is believed to have been built over 2,000 years ago. It attracts Hindu pilgrims and visitors interested in cultural and spiritual experiences.

Activities

1. Wildlife Safaris: Visit Wilpattu National Park for exciting safaris and opportunities to spot leopards, elephants, and other wildlife.
2. Birdwatching: Explore the Anawilundawa Wetland Sanctuary or Puttalam Lagoon for birdwatching, especially during the migratory season.
3. Beach Activities: Head to Kalpitiya or the nearby beaches for swimming, kite surfing, or simply relaxing on the sand.
4. Historical Exploration: Visit the Dutch Fort, Munneswaram Temple, and Thalawila Church to learn about the region’s colonial and religious history.
5. Nature Walks: Take a nature walk or boat ride around the Puttalam Lagoon, offering tranquil surroundings and abundant wildlife.

Transportation

• Getting There:
  • By Road: Puttalam is well-connected to Colombo (approximately 4-5 hours by road) and other towns in Sri Lanka. The A3 highway connects Puttalam to Colombo, while other local roads provide access to nearby towns.
  • By Bus: Buses are available from Colombo and other towns to Puttalam. The bus journey is a convenient option for travelers on a budget.
  • By Train: The nearest train station is in the town of Puttalam, with train services connecting it to Colombo and other major cities.
• Getting Around:
  • Tuk-tuks are commonly used for short-distance travel within the town and nearby attractions.
  • Private Rentals: Renting a car or van is ideal for exploring the surrounding areas, especially the wildlife parks and coastal towns.

Cuisine

Puttalam’s cuisine offers a delightful mix of Sri Lankan dishes, influenced by its coastal location:

• Seafood: Fresh fish, prawns, crabs, and other seafood are prepared in various forms, including curries, fried, or grilled.
• Rice and Curry: Traditional Sri Lankan rice served with a variety of vegetable and meat curries.
• Kottu Roti: A popular street food made by stir-frying chopped roti with vegetables, meat, and spices.
• Hoppers: A traditional Sri Lankan pancake made from rice flour, often served with curry or sweet treacle.
• Coconut-Based Curries: Curry dishes cooked with coconut milk, such as fish curry or chicken curry.

Accommodation

Puttalam offers a variety of accommodation options to suit different preferences:

• Budget Hotels and Guesthouses: Affordable options for travelers on a budget, with basic amenities.
• Mid-Range Hotels: Comfortable hotels offering more facilities, such as air-conditioned rooms and dining options.
• Beach Resorts: For those visiting Kalpitiya or coastal areas, there are beach resorts offering luxury and relaxation by the sea.

Festivals

1. Esala Perahera: A colorful Buddhist procession held in nearby regions like Anuradhapura, celebrated with traditional dances, drumming, and offerings to the temple.
2. Navaratri Festival: A Hindu festival celebrated at Munneswaram Temple, with prayers, rituals, and cultural events.
3. Full Moon Poya Days: Celebrated across Sri Lanka, including Puttalam, with religious activities and temple visits.

Nearby Attractions

1. Kalpitiya (40 km): Known for its beaches, water sports, and dolphin watching.
2. Wilpattu National Park (30 km): Sri Lanka’s oldest and largest national park, known for its wildlife and safari tours.
3. Anuradhapura (100 km): A UNESCO World Heritage site and an ancient capital of Sri Lanka, home to sacred Buddhist sites.

Interesting Facts

1. Salt Production: Puttalam is known for its traditional salt production, with salt pans visible throughout the area.
2. Fishing Community: The town has a strong fishing community, and fishing is an important part of the local economy.
3. Cultural Diversity: The region is home to various religious communities, including Buddhists, Hindus, and Christians, contributing to its rich cultural heritage.

Challenges

• Limited Infrastructure: Puttalam is still developing in terms of modern infrastructure, though it offers the essentials for travelers.
• Heat and Dry Conditions: The hot and dry climate, especially during the peak dry season, can be challenging for some visitors.

Conclusion

Puttalam offers a fascinating combination of natural beauty, historical landmarks, and cultural heritage. Whether you're interested in wildlife safaris, coastal retreats, or exploring ancient temples, Puttalam provides a unique and enriching experience for all types of travelers. From the tranquility of the Puttalam Lagoon to the adventure-filled safaris in Wilpattu National Park, this town has a lot to offer.