Castell Coch | Cardiff

Castell Coch (pronounced "Castle Coch") is a stunning fairytale-style castle located just a few miles north of Cardiff, Wales, in the Tongwynlais area. Its name, which means Red Castle in Welsh, refers to the red sandstone used in its construction. The castle is a notable example of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture, and it stands out as one of the most picturesque and enchanting landmarks in the region. While its external appearance may evoke thoughts of medieval castles, its interior and overall design are a reflection of the 19th-century tastes of its owner, the 3rd Marquess of Bute.

History and Origins

1. Early History

The site of Castell Coch has a long history, and it has been used for defensive purposes for centuries. The original castle on the site dates back to the 13th century and was built by Gilbert de Clare, a powerful Welsh lord. However, this earlier castle was in ruins by the 18th century, and the area had been largely abandoned.

2. Restoration and Rebuilding

The modern version of Castell Coch was commissioned by the 3rd Marquess of Bute, John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, who was one of the wealthiest men of his time. Inspired by the medieval castles he had seen during his travels, particularly in Germany and France, the Marquess decided to build a romantic castle that would blend the medieval with the ornate and picturesque.

The design of the new castle was entrusted to the famous architect William Burges, who is also known for his work on Cardiff Castle. Burges’s designs for Castell Coch were based on the architecture of medieval castles, but they were infused with Victorian Gothic Revival style, resulting in a structure that was both decorative and symbolic rather than practical for defense.

Construction began in 1875, and Castell Coch was completed in 1891. The castle's design reflects a blend of historical inspiration with the Marquess's personal tastes, combining medieval elements with rich ornamentation and decorative features that were very much in style during the Victorian era.

Architecture and Design

1. Exterior and Towers

Castell Coch is perhaps best known for its striking appearance, with its red sandstone exterior, towering turrets, and steep, pointed roofs. The castle is situated on a hilltop and is surrounded by lush forest, creating a dramatic effect as visitors approach. The central keep (or main tower) is surrounded by additional turrets and walls, which give the castle a fairytale-like quality.

The castle’s four towers are a prominent feature, each rising high above the surrounding woodland. These towers, with their conical roofs, are designed to resemble traditional medieval castle architecture, giving the building a classic, but romanticized, medieval appearance.

The Gatehouse is the main entry point to the castle, designed with a decorative Gothic archway and battlements, evoking the feeling of entering a storybook realm.

2. Interior and Decoration

The interior of Castell Coch is equally impressive, filled with luxurious and ornate features. William Burges designed the interiors with an attention to detail that reflected the opulence of the Victorian era, featuring stained glass windows, elaborate woodwork, and intricate mosaics.

The Great Hall is one of the standout rooms, with its soaring ceiling, grand fireplace, and richly decorated walls. It showcases Victorian Gothic motifs, including heraldic symbols, wooden carvings, and intricate tapestries. The hall is often used for events and gatherings.

The Dining Room features richly carved wooden furniture, velvet curtains, and stained glass windows depicting scenes of medieval chivalry. The room is designed to create an atmosphere of aristocratic grandeur and is filled with decorative details that complement the castle's historic, yet whimsical, design.

The Drawing Room and library are furnished with comfortable, yet elegant, Victorian furniture, and many rooms are decorated with intricate mosaics, paintings, and stained glass.

3. The Castle Grounds and Gardens

Castell Coch is surrounded by beautiful grounds and woodlands, which add to the castle's charm and provide a scenic setting for visitors. The woodland walks surrounding the castle are popular with visitors, and the area is perfect for exploring or enjoying a picnic.

The gardens, though smaller than the grounds at other castles, are still well maintained, with beautiful flowers and plants, as well as views over the surrounding landscape.

The castle’s location on a hill offers panoramic views of the surrounding village of Tongwynlais, Cardiff, and the South Wales valleys. The setting is tranquil, and the castle's design enhances its position as an idyllic retreat.

Cultural Significance

1. Victorian and Gothic Revival Influence

Castell Coch is a remarkable example of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture, which sought to revive medieval forms in a romanticized and often exaggerated manner. Unlike many castles that were built for practical defense, Castell Coch was constructed as a symbolic structure, designed more for aesthetic pleasure than military necessity.

The castle’s whimsical design reflects the 19th-century fascination with medieval architecture and the fantasy-like ideals of the era. It was built during a time when there was a revival of interest in the medieval period, and wealthy individuals, such as the Marquess of Bute, commissioned such castles as expressions of personal taste and power.

The influence of William Burges on the design of Castell Coch is significant, as he is known for his detailed and ornate architectural style. His other works, including Cardiff Castle, reflect a similar sense of grandeur and fantasy.

2. A Popular Tourist Attraction

Today, Castell Coch is a popular tourist destination and is managed by Cadw, the Welsh government’s historic environment service. The castle’s charming and picturesque design, combined with its historical significance, makes it a major attraction for visitors to Cardiff and the surrounding areas.

• Guided tours of the castle are available, providing insight into the history of the castle, the Marquess of Bute, and the design process behind the restoration.
• The castle is often used for filming, as its dramatic appearance and historical design make it an ideal backdrop for television and film productions.

3. Cultural and Educational Role

Castell Coch is also used for cultural events, such as concerts, educational workshops, and community gatherings. It plays a role in preserving Welsh history and offering visitors a glimpse into a romanticized view of medieval Wales.

Accessibility

Located about 5 miles (8 km) north of Cardiff city center, Castell Coch is easily accessible by car, bus, or on foot. The castle has a visitor center with parking, information, and amenities for visitors.

• Public transport: Castell Coch can be accessed by local bus services from Cardiff city center, and there are also train connections to the nearby Tongwynlais station.
• Walking and cycling: The park surrounding the castle is also a popular area for walkers and cyclists, with scenic trails that lead to and from the site.

Conclusion

Castell Coch is a captivating castle that offers a perfect blend of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture, medieval-inspired design, and scenic beauty. Its fairytale appearance, coupled with the fascinating history behind its construction, makes it a must-visit destination in Cardiff. Whether you're exploring its enchanting grounds, learning about the Marquess of Bute and his architectural legacy, or simply soaking in the atmosphere, Castell Coch provides an unforgettable experience.