Chinchero | Sacred Valley

Chinchero is a charming town located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, about 28 kilometers (17 miles) northwest of Cusco, Peru. Known for its traditional culture, Inca ruins, and stunning views of the surrounding Andes Mountains, Chinchero is often included in tours of the Sacred Valley and is a great stop for visitors interested in Inca history, artisanal crafts, and breathtaking landscapes.

1. Historical and Cultural Significance

Chinchero is a town of great historical importance to the Inca Empire. The area was known as a major agricultural center, particularly for the production of potatoes and maize. It was also a place of strategic significance due to its proximity to Cusco and its fertile land in the Sacred Valley.

The town is home to an Inca archaeological site, which features a combination of ruins and colonial architecture. It is believed that Chinchero was once the royal estate of the Inca emperor Túpac Inca Yupanqui, who is thought to have built a palace in the area. The Inca ruins at Chinchero, with their well-preserved terraces and walls, provide valuable insight into the engineering and agricultural practices of the Incas.

2. The Chinchero Archaeological Site

The Chinchero Archaeological Site is a key attraction in the town. The site is known for its terraces, which were built by the Incas for agricultural purposes, and its ritual and ceremonial areas. It is also famous for its Inca wall, made of large, finely cut stones, which demonstrates the Incas' advanced construction techniques.

Key Features of the Chinchero Archaeological Site:

• Inca Terraces: The terracing at Chinchero is a remarkable example of Inca agricultural engineering. The terraces were used to cultivate crops like potatoes and maize, utilizing the fertile land of the Sacred Valley. The terraces have been partially restored and provide a clear view of Inca farming techniques.
• Inca Royal Palace: The remains of the royal palace built by Túpac Inca Yupanqui are found in the archaeological site. Though much of the palace is in ruins, the site still contains impressive Inca walls and structures.
• Colonial Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel: Built atop Inca foundations, this 16th-century church is a striking example of colonial architecture. The church features beautiful frescoes and altars, reflecting a blend of Inca and Spanish colonial influences. The church is also an important place for local religious festivals and ceremonies.

3. The Chinchero Textile Market

Chinchero is also famous for its traditional textile market, where visitors can purchase high-quality handwoven textiles made by local artisans. The market is an excellent place to witness traditional Andean weaving techniques that have been passed down through generations.

The textile market is typically held on Sundays, and it is a great opportunity to observe local weavers at work, using natural dyes and traditional looms to create colorful clothing, blankets, scarves, and ponchos. Many of these textiles are made from alpaca wool and sheep wool, and they often feature traditional Inca patterns.

Textile Workshops

Visitors can also take part in textile workshops to learn about the ancient weaving methods used in the region. These workshops are often run by local women from Chinchero and other villages in the Sacred Valley, and they offer a hands-on opportunity to learn about the entire process, from dying the fibers with natural plant materials to spinning, weaving, and finishing the textiles.

4. Cultural and Religious Significance

Chinchero is a town where traditional Andean culture remains alive. The town's residents still practice many traditional customs and ceremonial rituals, and the influence of Inca and pre-Inca religious beliefs can still be seen in the local festivals and customs.

• Festivals: Chinchero hosts several important religious festivals throughout the year, with many of them having roots in Inca traditions. The most important festival is Corpus Christi, celebrated with processions and dances, in which the townspeople honor both Catholic saints and Andean deities.
• Andean Spirituality: Many locals continue to practice Pachamama (Mother Earth) worship, and you might witness offerings to Pachamama during ceremonies. These practices are a blend of Catholicism and Inca traditions, reflecting the syncretic nature of Andean culture.

5. Scenic Beauty and Hiking

Chinchero offers some of the most stunning landscapes in the Sacred Valley, with views of the snow-capped peaks of the Andes Mountains, the Urubamba River, and the fertile agricultural plains of the valley. It is also a great base for exploring the surrounding natural beauty, with opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and photography.

Some of the most popular activities around Chinchero include:

• Hiking to the nearby hills and mountains, which offer spectacular panoramic views of the Sacred Valley.
• Visiting nearby archaeological sites such as Moray, Salinas de Maras (Maras Salt Mines), and Ollantaytambo.
• Birdwatching in the lush areas surrounding the town, where native species such as the Andean condor can be seen soaring above.

6. Accessibility

Chinchero is easily accessible from Cusco and other towns in the Sacred Valley. It is about a 30-minute drive from Cusco and can be reached by private car, tour bus, or taxi. The town can also be visited on guided tours that include other attractions in the Sacred Valley.

The town of Chinchero itself is small and peaceful, making it an ideal destination for visitors who want to experience traditional Andean culture without the crowds found in larger tourist centers.

7. Tips for Visiting Chinchero

• Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Chinchero is during the dry season (from May to October), when the weather is sunny and clear. The rainy season (from November to April) can make travel more challenging, but the site is still accessible.
• Altitude: Chinchero is situated at an altitude of about 3,762 meters (12,343 feet), so visitors should take time to acclimatize to the altitude to avoid altitude sickness. Drink plenty of water and avoid exerting yourself too much on the first day.
• Wear Comfortable Shoes: The town’s archaeological site involves walking on uneven terrain, so it’s important to wear comfortable and sturdy footwear.
• Bring Cash: While there are some small shops in the town, it's a good idea to bring cash (in Peruvian soles) for purchasing souvenirs or goods at the local market.

8. Conclusion

Chinchero is a unique and beautiful town that offers a rich blend of Inca history, traditional Andean culture, and stunning landscapes. With its archaeological site, vibrant market, and continued cultural traditions, Chinchero is an excellent stop for visitors to the Sacred Valley who want to experience the authentic essence of the region. Whether you're exploring ancient ruins, purchasing handwoven textiles, or enjoying the breathtaking views, Chinchero provides a glimpse into the heart of Andean life.