Kaymakli Underground City | Cappadocia

Information

Landmark: Kaymakli Underground City
City: Cappadocia
Country: Turkey
Continent: Asia

Kaymakli Underground City, Cappadocia, Turkey, Asia

Kaymakli Underground City is a multi-level subterranean complex located near the town of Kaymakli in the Cappadocia region of Turkey.

This extensive network of carved chambers and tunnels was historically used as a refuge and defensive structure.

Visual Characteristics

The underground city consists of approximately 85 meters (280 feet) of depth, with at least eight levels accessible to visitors, though it is believed to extend further. The chambers are carved directly into soft volcanic tuff rock. Walls are smoothed, and passages are narrow, often requiring visitors to stoop. Notable features include large millstones used to seal entrances, ventilation shafts, wells, and storage areas.

Location & Access Logistics

Kaymakli Underground City is situated approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) south of Nevşehir city center. Access is via the D302 highway. The site has a dedicated parking area for private vehicles. Public bus services operate from Nevşehir to Kaymakli town, with a short walk required from the town center to the entrance.

Historical & Ecological Origin

The origins of Kaymakli Underground City are attributed to the Hittites, with significant expansion and use by the Phrygians and later the Byzantines. Its primary purpose was to provide shelter and defense against invaders and persecution, particularly during the Arab-Byzantine wars. The geological formation is a result of volcanic eruptions that deposited layers of tuff, which were then excavated.

Key Highlights & Activities

Exploration of the accessible levels of the underground city is the primary activity. Visitors can observe the living quarters, stables, churches, wineries, and kitchens carved into the rock. Guided tours provide context on the historical use and architectural features. Photography is permitted within the accessible areas.

Infrastructure & Amenities

Restrooms are available at the entrance facility. Limited shade is present within the excavated sections. Cell phone signal (4G/5G) is generally available at the surface level but may be intermittent underground. Food vendors and small shops are located near the entrance.

Best Time to Visit

The best time of day for visiting is during the morning or late afternoon to avoid the peak heat of midday, especially during summer months. The most favorable months for weather are April to June and September to October, offering milder temperatures. There are no tide-dependent activities.

Facts & Legends

A unique aspect of Kaymakli is its extensive network of ventilation shafts, some extending over 80 meters (260 feet) deep, which were crucial for air circulation in the confined spaces. Local lore suggests that the city could house up to 20,000 people along with their livestock and supplies.