Melrose House | Pretoria

Melrose House – Pretoria

Overview

Melrose House is a Victorian-style mansion in Pretoria, South Africa, famous for its historical significance during the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902). Built in 1886, this elegant home became the British military headquarters in 1900 and was the site where the Treaty of Vereeniging was signed in 1902, officially ending the war. Today, it is a museum showcasing the opulent lifestyle of the late 19th century and its role in South African history.

History of Melrose House

1886 – Built by George J. Heys, a wealthy businessman in Pretoria.

1900 – Seized by British forces during the Anglo-Boer War and used as Lord Roberts' headquarters.

31 May 1902 – The Treaty of Vereeniging was signed in the dining room, marking the official end of the war.

1968 – Declared a national monument.

1971 – Opened as a museum, preserved with original furniture and artifacts.

Key Exhibits and Features

1. Victorian Architecture and Décor

The mansion is an excellent example of Victorian architecture, featuring stained glass windows, ornate wooden panels, and elaborate ceilings.

The house is filled with original furniture, paintings, and decorative pieces from the late 19th century.

The handcrafted wooden staircase and marble fireplaces showcase the luxurious lifestyle of the time.

2. The Treaty of Vereeniging Room

The dining room is where the Treaty of Vereeniging was signed on 31 May 1902, officially ending the Anglo-Boer War.

The original table and chairs used during the signing are on display.

Visitors can see documents, photographs, and artifacts related to the peace negotiations.

3. British Military Headquarters Exhibit

During the British occupation (1900–1902), Melrose House served as the command center for British forces.

The museum displays maps, military equipment, and letters from the British officers stationed there.

Exhibits detail how the house was used for strategic planning during the war.

4. Art and Antiques Collection

The house contains original Victorian-era paintings, ceramics, and silverware.

The grand drawing rooms and bedrooms showcase period furniture, Persian carpets, and fine china.

Many of these items were imported from England, reflecting the wealth and status of George Heys.

5. The Gardens and Tea Room

The beautifully maintained gardens offer a tranquil escape in the heart of Pretoria.

A tea room serves refreshments, making it a pleasant stop for visitors.

The museum often hosts exhibitions, art fairs, and cultural events on the property.

Significance of Melrose House

One of the most important historical sites in South Africa due to its role in the Anglo-Boer War peace process.

Provides insight into late 19th-century luxury and architecture in Pretoria.

Serves as a reminder of British colonial influence and the struggles of the Boer Republics.

A key tourist attraction for history enthusiasts and architecture lovers.

Visitor Information

Location: 275 Jacob Maré Street, Pretoria, South Africa.

Opening Hours:

Tuesday to Sunday: 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM

Closed on Mondays and public holidays.

Entrance Fee:

Adults: R40

Students/Pensioners: R20

Children under 12: R10

Guided Tours: Available upon request.

Accessibility: Wheelchair-friendly.

Conclusion

Melrose House is a historically significant mansion that provides a fascinating glimpse into South Africa’s past, from colonial luxury to wartime negotiations. Visitors can explore its lavish interiors, historic artifacts, and tranquil gardens, making it one of Pretoria’s most important heritage sites.