Ruby Falls | Chattanooga

Ruby Falls is a spectacular underground waterfall located deep within Lookout Mountain near Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is celebrated as the tallest and deepest commercially accessible underground waterfall in the United States, plunging approximately 145 feet into a cavern nearly 1,120 feet below the mountain’s surface. Since its public opening in 1939, Ruby Falls has become a major tourist destination combining natural wonder, geological intrigue, and a rich historical narrative.

Geological and Natural Features

Ruby Falls is housed in a vast limestone cave system formed over millions of years through natural processes of erosion and water seepage. The waterfall itself flows from an underground river that emerges inside a large cavern chamber. The surrounding cave features impressive stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone formations, and uniquely sculpted rock surfaces, all illuminated to highlight their textures and colors.

The cave environment maintains a stable temperature of about 60°F (16°C) year-round, offering a cool and refreshing atmosphere contrasting with the outside climate. The constant coolness and humidity sustain delicate mineral formations and the waterfall’s flow, which remains steady throughout the year.

History and Discovery

Ruby Falls was discovered in 1928 by Leo Lambert, a local cave enthusiast and spelunker. While drilling to extend an elevator shaft for the nearby Lookout Mountain Cave, he uncovered the hidden waterfall. Lambert named it "Ruby Falls" after his wife, Ruby Lambert. This discovery was groundbreaking because it revealed a natural spectacle deep inside a mountain previously unexplored by the public.

The waterfall was made accessible to visitors by the construction of pathways, lighting systems, and elevators, officially opening for tourism in 1939. Since then, Ruby Falls has continued to evolve with improved infrastructure, safety features, and educational interpretation.

Visitor Experience

Visitors begin their journey by descending approximately 260 feet underground via a glass-front elevator into the cave system. From the elevator lobby, a paved and well-lit trail of about 700 yards (round trip) leads through the cavern’s winding passages. Along the way, visitors pass remarkable geological formations such as the "Leaning Tower," "Beehive," and other stalactite and stalagmite clusters.

The highlight is the waterfall chamber, a cathedral-like cavern where the 145-foot waterfall cascades over a high ledge into a large pool. The falls are dramatically lit with colored lighting and accompanied by a synchronized music-and-light show, enhancing the sensory experience. This multimedia presentation underscores the awe-inspiring scale and beauty of the natural feature.

Throughout the tour, knowledgeable guides provide commentary on the geology, history, and folklore of Ruby Falls and the surrounding Lookout Mountain area, enriching visitors’ appreciation of the site.

Tours and Accessibility

Ruby Falls offers a variety of tours to accommodate different interests and visitor needs:

Standard Guided Tour: A 60- to 80-minute walk with a guide, suitable for all ages and fitness levels.

Gentle Walking Tour: A slower-paced version ideal for those who prefer less walking or want more time to absorb the surroundings.

History Tour: Focuses on the discovery, development, and human stories connected to Ruby Falls, led by experienced guides.

Lantern Tour: An after-hours experience where visitors explore the cave by the light of handheld lanterns, creating an intimate and atmospheric journey.

The cave pathway is paved and maintained, but due to the natural terrain, some areas include stairs and uneven surfaces. Visitors with mobility challenges are advised to inquire about accommodations or tour options.

Additional Attractions and Amenities

At the surface, Ruby Falls offers several amenities to enhance the visitor experience:

Castle Café: Situated in a historic stone building known as Cavern Castle, this café serves seasonal fare including sandwiches, snacks, coffee, and local craft beverages.

Lookout Mountain Tower: Nearby observation tower providing expansive views of Chattanooga and the Tennessee River valley.

High Point ZIP Adventure: A seasonal outdoor activity featuring zip lines and climbing courses nestled in the forest canopy of Lookout Mountain, ideal for adventure seekers.

Gift Shop: Offers souvenirs, local crafts, and educational materials about the cave and waterfall.

Events and Seasonal Highlights

Ruby Falls hosts special events throughout the year to engage visitors:

Lantern Tour: Ghost Walk Edition: A Halloween-themed after-dark cave tour featuring spooky storytelling and eerie ambiance.

Homeschool Days: Educational programming tailored for homeschooling families, including hands-on activities.

Dread Hollow Haunted House: A seasonal haunted attraction offering thrills during the fall.

Holidays at Ruby Falls: Festive holiday decorations and light displays, transforming the cave and grounds into a winter wonderland experience.

Location and Practical Information

Address: 1720 South Scenic Highway, Chattanooga, TN 37409.

Operating Hours: Typically open daily, with seasonal variations and extended hours during holidays.

Tickets: Must be purchased in advance online to secure specific tour times.

Accessibility: While the cave is accessible to most visitors, some physical exertion is required; it is recommended to check specific accessibility accommodations before visiting.

Contact: Phone and online resources are available for questions, group bookings, and special tours.

Summary

Ruby Falls represents a unique convergence of natural splendor, geological significance, and human curiosity. Its stunning underground waterfall, nestled within a vast cave system, offers visitors an immersive experience into the hidden world beneath Lookout Mountain. The combination of spectacular scenery, engaging tours, and historical depth ensures that Ruby Falls remains a must-visit destination in Tennessee, captivating millions of visitors with its enduring beauty and mystery.