Zalongo Monument | Preveza

The Zalongo Monument is a significant historical and cultural site located on the slopes of Mount Zalongo, near the village of Zalongo in the region of Epirus, northwestern Greece. This monument is renowned for its association with a tragic and heroic event in Greek history during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire.

1. Historical Background

• The Massacre of Zalongo: The Zalongo Monument commemorates a poignant event that took place in 1803. It is associated with the mass suicide of 60-70 women and children from the Souliot community, a group of fiercely independent and warrior-like people living in the mountainous regions of Epirus. The Souliots had been resisting Ottoman rule for years, and by 1803, they were under heavy pressure from Ottoman forces.
• The Souliot Women: In December 1803, after a prolonged siege by Ottoman forces, the Souliot women and children were trapped in a mountain pass near Zalongo. Rather than surrender to the Ottoman forces or face capture, the women chose to take their own lives in an act of defiance and to preserve their honor. They reportedly danced and sang a mournful song before jumping off the cliffs, an act that has been immortalized in Greek history and culture.
• Symbol of Resistance: The sacrifice at Zalongo became a symbol of resistance and courage for the Greek people in their struggle for independence, as well as a testament to the resolve of the Souliot community, which played a crucial role in the independence movement.

2. The Monument

• Commemoration of the Tragedy: The Zalongo Monument was erected in 1961 to honor the bravery and sacrifice of the Souliot women and their children. The monument is located near the spot where the mass suicide is believed to have occurred, on the hillside of Mount Zalongo.
• Design and Features: The monument consists of a sculptural group of three women holding their arms outstretched, symbolizing the women’s final defiance and their heroic stand against the Ottomans. The monument was designed by the Greek sculptor Yannis Pappas and was inaugurated in 1961, marking the 158th anniversary of the event. The figures are depicted as poised and resolute, echoing the strength and unity of the Souliot women.
• Inscription: On the base of the monument, an inscription reads: "To the heroic women of Souli, who preferred death to slavery." This serves as a permanent reminder of the self-sacrifice and determination of the Souliot women in their struggle against Ottoman oppression.

3. Cultural Significance

• Symbol of Greek Identity: The Zalongo Monument is deeply woven into the fabric of Greek national identity. The event it commemorates is seen as a poignant symbol of Greek resistance during the long period of Ottoman rule, and the women's heroic act is celebrated as a powerful expression of bravery, freedom, and pride. The sacrifice at Zalongo has been immortalized in Greek poetry, songs, and literature.
• Commemoration and Annual Ceremonies: The Zalongo Monument is an important site for Greeks, particularly for the people of Epirus. Every year, on the anniversary of the mass suicide (December 1803), there are commemorative ceremonies at the monument. These events include speeches, poetry recitations, and wreath-laying, reflecting on the significance of the Souliot women's sacrifice and its place in Greek national history.
• Representation in Art and Literature: The tragedy at Zalongo has inspired numerous works of art, poetry, and music, celebrating the courage of the Souliot women. The act of dancing and singing before jumping from the cliff is a central image in these representations, symbolizing the unity and strength of the women, as well as their refusal to bow to oppression.

4. Location and Visitor Experience

• Setting: The monument is located in a dramatic and picturesque location, on a hilltop overlooking the surrounding landscape. The site offers sweeping views of the Ambracian Gulf and the nearby mountains of Epirus. The setting itself is symbolic, with the stark and rugged terrain mirroring the harsh circumstances that the Souliot women faced.
• Access: The Zalongo Monument is located about 3 km from the village of Zalongo and is accessible by car, though the road leading to the site can be steep and winding. From the parking area, there is a short walk to the monument itself, which is perched on the side of the mountain.
• Visitor Information: The site is open to visitors year-round, and it is an important stop for those interested in Greek history and culture. The monument’s location provides a quiet and contemplative environment, ideal for reflection on the historical events it commemorates.

5. Conclusion

The Zalongo Monument is a powerful symbol of sacrifice, bravery, and Greek resistance. It stands as a tribute to the Souliot women who chose death over enslavement, embodying the spirit of defiance that marked the broader Greek struggle for independence. The monument’s emotional significance and historical importance continue to resonate deeply with the Greek people and visitors who come to honor the courage of those who resisted tyranny at Zalongo.