Arequipa | Peru

Arequipa is the second-largest city in Peru, often referred to as the "White City" due to its many colonial buildings made from sillar, a white volcanic stone. Nestled at the foot of the El Misti Volcano, Arequipa is known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant culture. It serves as a gateway to the nearby Colca Canyon, one of the deepest canyons in the world.

1. Geography and Climate

• Location: Arequipa is located in the southern part of Peru, at an altitude of 2,335 meters (7,660 feet) above sea level, surrounded by mountains and volcanoes.
• Climate:
  • Dry Season (April to October): Sunny days and cool nights, with minimal rainfall.
  • Rainy Season (November to March): Occasional rain showers, warmer temperatures.

2. History

• Pre-Inca Period:
  • Arequipa's history predates the Inca Empire, with early cultures such as the Wari and Nazca influencing the region.
• Inca Period:
  • Though not a major center under Inca rule, Arequipa served as an important administrative and agricultural area.
• Colonial Era:
  • Founded in 1540 by Garcia Manuel de Carvajal, Arequipa developed rapidly as a key trade and cultural center during Spanish colonial rule.
  • The use of sillar stone in architecture became a hallmark of the city.
• Modern Era:
  • Known for its role in the War of Independence and its ongoing cultural contributions.

3. Main Attractions

Arequipa boasts a blend of colonial architecture, natural beauty, and cultural richness.

1. Santa Catalina Monastery

• A vast and beautifully preserved convent founded in 1580. It is a city within a city, featuring colorful streets, courtyards, chapels, and galleries.
• The monastery offers insight into the lives of nuns during colonial times.

2. Arequipa Cathedral

• Located in Plaza de Armas, this grand cathedral is an example of colonial-era architecture, with a mix of Renaissance and Baroque styles.
• The current structure was rebuilt after an earthquake in the 19th century.

3. Plaza de Armas

• The main square of Arequipa, surrounded by beautiful colonial buildings and offering views of El Misti Volcano.
• The area is bustling with cafes, shops, and historical buildings.

4. Museo Santuarios Andinos

• A museum that houses the Juanita Mummy, a well-preserved Inca sacrifice victim found on Mount Ampato.
• The museum provides a fascinating glimpse into Inca culture and rituals.

5. Monasterio de la Recoleta

• A historical convent with beautiful gardens and courtyards, it offers panoramic views of the city and the surrounding mountains.

6. Yanahuara

• A picturesque neighborhood known for its colonial-era sillar arches and cobblestone streets.
• The Mirador de Yanahuara provides stunning views of Arequipa and the volcanoes.

7. El Misti Volcano

• The iconic 6,093-meter (20,100 feet) volcano that overlooks Arequipa.
• Popular for trekking, with several routes that offer panoramic views of the city and surrounding areas.

4. Nearby Natural Attractions

Colca Canyon:

• Colca Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world, twice as deep as the Grand Canyon.
• Famous for the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), one of the largest flying birds in the world, which can often be seen soaring above the canyon.
• Popular for hiking, rafting, and visiting traditional villages along the way.

Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve:

• A protected area surrounding the Chachani Volcano, home to various wildlife including vicuñas, llamas, and flamingos.

Cotahuasi Canyon:

• Another deep canyon, even deeper than Colca, it is less visited but offers a more remote and rugged experience.

5. Gastronomy

Arequipa is famous for its spicy and flavorful cuisine, with many dishes using rocoto (a hot pepper) and sillar in their preparation.

Main Dishes:

• Rocoto Relleno: Stuffed hot peppers, typically filled with meat, vegetables, and cheese.
• Adobo Arequipeño: A slow-cooked pork dish flavored with spices.
• Causa Arequipeña: A cold mashed potato dish typically made with tuna, avocado, and lime.
• Ocopa Arequipeña: A sauce made from huacatay (a local herb), peanuts, and cheese, often served with potatoes.

Drinks:

• Pisco: A brandy produced in Peru, often used in the Pisco Sour cocktail.
• Chicha Arequipeña: A local fermented drink made from corn.
• Café Arequipeño: Arequipa is known for its high-quality coffee, often served in traditional cafes.

6. Festivals and Traditions

Fiesta de la Virgen de Chapi (May):

• A religious festival honoring the Virgen de Chapi, where pilgrims visit the sanctuary of Chapi for celebrations, processions, and music.

Arequipa’s Anniversary (August):

• A major celebration of the city’s founding with parades, dances, music, and festivals.

Festival de la Cerveza Arequipeña (Beer Festival):

• A celebration of local brewing culture with music, food, and craft beers.

7. Economy and Industry

• Agriculture: Arequipa is a significant producer of agricultural products such as cotton, quinoa, crops, and fruit.
• Mining: The region is rich in minerals, with a robust mining industry focused on extracting copper and gold.
• Tourism: The city’s rich historical and natural attractions make tourism an important sector in Arequipa's economy.

8. Travel Tips

• Best Time to Visit: The dry season (May to October) is ideal for exploring the city and surrounding natural areas.
• Altitude: While Arequipa is at a lower altitude than Cusco, visitors should still be mindful of altitude sickness, especially when visiting places like Colca Canyon.
• Getting There:
  • Arequipa is well-connected by air (via Rodríguez Ballón International Airport) and bus from major Peruvian cities like Lima, Cusco, and Puno.

Arequipa is a captivating city, offering visitors a combination of historical architecture, cultural experiences, and proximity to natural wonders. Whether exploring the city's colonial streets, trekking to nearby volcanoes, or discovering the breathtaking landscapes of Colca Canyon, Arequipa provides a wealth of diverse experiences.