San Pedro | Belize

San Pedro is the largest town and main hub on Ambergris Caye, the most popular island in Belize for tourism. Situated in the Caribbean Sea, Ambergris Caye is known for its pristine beaches, vibrant marine life, and diving opportunities, with San Pedro being the central location for travelers to explore the island and its surroundings.

Here’s a detailed overview of San Pedro:

Geography and Climate

San Pedro is located on the northeastern tip of Ambergris Caye, Belize’s largest island. The town is situated near the Hol Chan Marine Reserve and the Blue Hole, two of the most famous natural attractions in the region. San Pedro is accessible by air from Belize City or Chetumal, Mexico, and also by boat from the mainland.

• Climate: San Pedro enjoys a tropical climate, with year-round warm temperatures ranging from 75°F (24°C) to 88°F (31°C). The wet season typically lasts from June to November, while the dry season runs from December to May. Thanks to the surrounding ocean, San Pedro experiences cooling sea breezes, making the island a pleasant destination year-round.

History

San Pedro has a fascinating history, beginning with the Maya who lived on Ambergris Caye hundreds of years ago. The island was later inhabited by Coconut Grove settlers in the early 19th century, with the town gradually becoming a fishing village.

Pre-Colonial Period: The area around Ambergris Caye was part of the Maya lowlands, and the Maya used the island for fishing and trading. The remains of several Maya structures can still be found around the island, particularly near the southern part of the caye.

Colonial Period: During the colonial era, Ambergris Caye was a center for logwood and mahogany extraction, with trade taking place between British settlers and neighboring regions. The island’s strategic location allowed it to be an important trading hub.

Modern Development: Over time, San Pedro transformed from a small fishing village into a popular tourist destination. In the late 20th century, the town began to grow due to the rise of ecotourism and scuba diving. Today, it serves as the island’s economic and cultural hub.

Culture and Demographics

San Pedro has a vibrant, laid-back Caribbean atmosphere that attracts visitors from all over the world. The town is home to a mix of locals (primarily Creole, Mestizo, and Maya), expats, and tourists, creating a diverse and dynamic community.

Creole and Mestizo Influence: San Pedro’s Creole and Mestizo populations contribute to the town’s culture, especially through music, food, and festivals. Creole culture, with its blend of African, European, and Caribbean elements, is reflected in local customs and language.

Garifuna Influence: The Garifuna people, descendants of Africans and Caribbean indigenous peoples, also have a presence in San Pedro, contributing to the island’s unique cultural mix. Their vibrant traditions, particularly drumming, dance, and language, are celebrated through festivals and gatherings.

Tourism and Expats: The town has attracted a significant number of expats, particularly from the United States, Canada, and Europe, who are drawn to the island’s relaxed lifestyle and beautiful environment. Many visitors and long-term residents enjoy the laid-back pace of life, the pristine beaches, and the island’s easy access to outdoor activities like snorkeling and diving.

Key Landmarks and Attractions

Hol Chan Marine Reserve

• One of the most popular attractions near San Pedro, the Hol Chan Marine Reserve is a protected area famous for its vibrant coral reefs, clear waters, and abundant marine life. The reserve offers fantastic opportunities for snorkeling, scuba diving, and marine wildlife watching, including encounters with sea turtles, manatees, stingrays, and tropical fish.

The Great Blue Hole

• Located just off the coast of Ambergris Caye, the Great Blue Hole is one of the most famous dive sites in the world. This large underwater sinkhole is over 300 meters in diameter and 125 meters deep, offering divers a surreal experience. The Blue Hole is part of the Belize Barrier Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and is best explored through a diving tour or helicopter flight.

Ambergris Caye Beaches

• San Pedro is home to some of the most beautiful beaches on Ambergris Caye. The front beach near the town features sandy shores perfect for swimming and sunbathing, while the back beach offers calmer waters ideal for kayaking and paddleboarding.

Secret Beach

• A hidden gem on Ambergris Caye, Secret Beach is located on the western side of the island, offering visitors a more tranquil and secluded beach experience. This area is perfect for relaxing, swimming, and enjoying the clear, warm waters of the Caribbean. There are also several beach bars and restaurants where visitors can sample local seafood.

San Pedro Town

• The town itself is a charming mix of local culture, colorful buildings, and tourist amenities. Visitors can stroll through the streets, enjoy local markets, shop for handmade souvenirs, and dine at restaurants offering both local and international cuisine. The San Pedro Town Square is a popular spot for gatherings, while Front Street is lined with shops, cafes, and bars.

Marco Gonzalez Maya Site

• The Marco Gonzalez Maya Site is an ancient Maya settlement located just south of San Pedro. It is the only known Maya archaeological site on Ambergris Caye and features mound structures and ceremonial areas. The site provides insight into the history of the Maya who lived on the island centuries ago.

Hol Chan and Shark Ray Alley

• Shark Ray Alley is a famous spot for snorkeling where visitors can swim with nurse sharks and stingrays. Located within the Hol Chan Marine Reserve, this area is a popular destination for those seeking close encounters with marine creatures in their natural habitat.

San Pedro's Pier and the Lagoon

• The San Pedro Pier is a popular landmark where locals and tourists gather to enjoy the sea breeze and watch the fishing boats come in. The lagoon behind the town is a great spot for kayaking and paddleboarding, offering a tranquil alternative to the more lively beaches.

Bacalar Chico National Park and Marine Reserve

• This UNESCO World Heritage Site is located at the northern tip of Ambergris Caye. The park is home to a variety of ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves, and beaches, and is ideal for nature tours, birdwatching, and scuba diving.

Economy

San Pedro’s economy is driven primarily by tourism, with many locals involved in hospitality, fishing, and tourism-related services. The island is a popular destination for both day-trippers and long-term travelers, with a wide range of accommodations, from luxury resorts to budget-friendly hostels. Fishing, particularly lobster and conch, remains an important part of the local economy.

Tourism: The rise of diving and ecotourism has been a major driver of San Pedro’s economy, with the town offering world-class diving sites like the Blue Hole, Hol Chan Marine Reserve, and Shark Ray Alley. Visitors can also take part in fishing trips, eco-tours, and water sports activities.

Fishing: The local economy benefits from fishing, both commercial and recreational. The island is known for its lobster, conch, and snapper, all of which are popular in local cuisine and exported around the world.

Expats and Real Estate: San Pedro has become a hub for expats, and the real estate market has seen significant growth. Many visitors choose to buy homes or vacation properties on the island due to the pleasant living conditions, beautiful surroundings, and relaxed pace of life.

Transportation

San Pedro is well-connected to Belize City and the mainland by air and water:

• By Air: Tropic Air and Maya Island Air offer regular flights from Belize City to San Pedro. The flight takes about 15 minutes and provides stunning views of the island and surrounding sea.
• By Water: Water taxis run frequently between San Pedro and Belize City (about a 1.5- to 2-hour boat ride) and between Ambergris Caye and Chetumal, Mexico.

Conclusion

San Pedro, Ambergris Caye, is a paradise for those seeking a combination of beach relaxation, water sports, and cultural immersion. With its beautiful marine life, vibrant town atmosphere, and rich history, it’s no wonder that San Pedro has become one of Belize’s top destinations for travelers.