Al-Azhar Mosque | Cairo

Al-Azhar Mosque is one of the most significant Islamic landmarks in Cairo, Egypt. It is not only an important place of worship but also one of the oldest universities in the world and a center of Islamic learning. Established in the 10th century, it remains a symbol of Egypt’s religious and scholarly heritage.

Historical Background

Al-Azhar Mosque was built in 970 AD by the Fatimid Caliph Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, shortly after the Fatimid dynasty conquered Egypt.

The mosque was initially intended as the main center for Shi'a Islam under Fatimid rule, but after the fall of the Fatimids, it became a center for Sunni Islam.

In 988 AD, Al-Azhar became a university, making it one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the world, alongside institutions like Al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco.

Architecture and Design

Al-Azhar Mosque has undergone numerous renovations and expansions over the centuries, leading to a blend of different Islamic architectural styles.

1. Courtyard (Sahn)

The mosque features a large open courtyard, which is surrounded by arcades supported by marble columns from the Fatimid period.

The white marble floor reflects sunlight, creating a bright and peaceful atmosphere.

2. Minarets

Al-Azhar has five minarets, each representing a different architectural style from the Fatimid, Mamluk, and Ottoman periods.

The most famous is the Al-Ghouri Minaret, built in the 16th century by Sultan Al-Ghouri.

3. Prayer Hall

The prayer hall is vast and features beautifully carved wooden ceilings and intricate geometric designs.

The Mihrab (prayer niche) is an elegant example of Islamic decorative art, with marble inlays and calligraphy.

4. Al-Azhar Library

The mosque is home to one of the most valuable Islamic libraries, containing thousands of manuscripts on Islamic law, theology, and Arabic literature.

Al-Azhar University

Founded as part of the mosque in 988 AD, Al-Azhar University is one of the world’s leading institutions for Islamic studies.

It has played a major role in shaping Islamic scholarship, law, and theology for over 1,000 years.

Today, it offers both religious and modern education, with faculties covering subjects such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences.

Religious and Cultural Importance

Al-Azhar Mosque is considered the spiritual heart of Sunni Islam and serves as a major religious authority.

The Al-Azhar Fatwa Committee issues religious rulings that influence Muslims worldwide.

The mosque has been a center for interfaith dialogue and global Islamic discourse.

Visiting Al-Azhar Mosque

Visitors are welcome, but modest dress is required.

It is best to visit outside prayer times to explore its architectural beauty.

The mosque is located in Islamic Cairo, near other landmarks like Khan El Khalili Bazaar and Sultan Hassan Mosque.

Al-Azhar Mosque remains a living testament to Egypt’s Islamic heritage, serving as both a place of worship and a prestigious center of learning that continues to influence the Muslim world.