Cathedral of Saint Peter | Belleville

Overview

The Cathedral of Saint Peter is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville, Illinois. It stands as a spiritual, cultural, and historical beacon in the city and is one of the finest examples of Gothic Revival architecture in the region. The cathedral plays a central role in diocesan liturgies and community life, serving both as a parish church and the bishop’s seat (cathedra).

Historical Background

Founding and Early Years (1842–1866)
The parish was founded in 1842 and originally dedicated to Saint Barnabas. In 1847, it was rededicated to Saint Peter, symbolizing a new direction and stronger Roman ties. As the Catholic population grew, the original frame structure was replaced with a larger, stone-built Gothic-style church. The cornerstone of the current structure was laid in 1863, and it was completed in 1866.

Destructive Fire of 1912
On January 4, 1912, the cathedral suffered a devastating fire that destroyed most of the interior. The fire broke out around 4:30 AM, likely due to faulty wiring. Despite efforts to contain it, extreme cold temperatures and poor water pressure hindered the firefighters. Only the exterior walls and bell tower survived.

Reconstruction and Enhancements (1912–1968)
Following the fire, the church was rebuilt using the surviving structure, and the architecture remained faithful to the Gothic Revival style. Over the decades, the cathedral underwent multiple renovations:

1956: Installation of a new stone façade using Winona dolomite and Indiana limestone.

1966–1968: Addition of a south nave, expansion of the sanctuary, and removal of the high altar to accommodate post-Vatican II liturgical reforms.

Architectural Details

Style: English Gothic Revival

Length: 265 feet

Width: 65 feet

Spire Height: 222 feet

Materials: Native limestone, dolomite, and Indiana limestone trim

Exterior Features

Tall buttresses, lancet windows, and an impressive central tower

A massive rose window above the main entrance

Twin side entrances reflecting balanced symmetry

Interior Highlights

Nave and Sanctuary: Soaring ribbed vaults and detailed stone columns

Stained Glass Windows: Created in the Munich style, featuring biblical scenes and saints

Altars and Shrines: A main marble altar and several side chapels, including a Marian Shrine

Pipe Organ: Built by the M.P. Moller Company (1968), with 3 manuals and 40 ranks

Religious and Cultural Role

Seat of the Bishop of Belleville

Hosts major diocesan liturgies such as ordinations, Chrism Mass, and Easter services

Serves as a parish church with active community ministries, music programs, and religious education

Frequently involved in community outreach, concerts, and historical tours

Visitor Information

Address:
Cathedral of Saint Peter
200 W. Harrison Street, Belleville, IL 62220

Mass Schedule:

Saturday Vigil: 4:00 PM

Sunday: 8:00 AM, 10:30 AM, 5:00 PM

Weekdays: 6:45 AM (Mon–Fri)

Confession:

Monday–Friday: 7:15 AM

Thursday: 6:00 PM

Saturday: 3:00–3:45 PM

Tours: Available upon request through the parish office

The Cathedral of Saint Peter is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of endurance, faith, and craftsmanship. Whether you're attending Mass or admiring the architecture, it offers a deep sense of reverence and historical richness.