Marae Tohua | Marquesas Islands

Marae Tohua is an ancient ceremonial site located on the island of Hiva Oa in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. The marae is an important cultural and archaeological site, representative of the religious and social practices of the Marquesan people. These sacred sites were used for religious ceremonies, including sacrifices, feasts, and rituals dedicated to gods and ancestors.

Overview of Marae Tohua

Location: Marae Tohua is situated near the village of Atuona, one of the key settlements on Hiva Oa, on a flat, open area overlooking the sea and the surrounding hills. The location of the site is symbolic, as the marae were often built in places with scenic vistas, adding to the spiritual significance of the site.

Structure and Design: Like many other maraes in Polynesia, Marae Tohua consists of a large stone platform surrounded by upright stones, which were once used to mark sacred areas or the places where offerings were made. The structure typically includes a series of stone platforms or altars, which were used for various religious and social rituals. These platforms were constructed using large stones, many of which have been weathered over time.

Sacred Function: The marae was a focal point for the Marquesan religion and social life. It was used for significant events such as the installation of chiefs, important rites of passage, religious festivals, and offerings to the gods. It is believed that the stone platforms and structures were specifically arranged to align with the stars or other natural elements, symbolizing the connection between the earth, the sky, and the ancestors.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Polynesian Religion: Maraes like Marae Tohua were the centers of religious practice among the Marquesan people. The Marquesans followed a polytheistic belief system, with deities representing nature, the ancestors, and various elements of daily life. Gods like ʻOro (the god of fertility and war) and Taʻaroa (the creator god) were honored through ceremonies at the marae.

Rituals and Ceremonies: Rituals performed at the marae were often elaborate and could include animal sacrifices, feasts, dances, and the chanting of prayers and songs. Some maraes also featured a "sacred stone" or "tiki" that was believed to embody a god or ancestral spirit, and these stones were often central to the ceremony.

Chiefs and Social Hierarchy: The marae was also a political and social center. It was the site where the Marquesan chiefs were installed and where major decisions regarding leadership and governance were made. The chief’s power and authority were closely tied to their spiritual role, which was reinforced by their connection to the gods worshipped at the marae.

Archaeological Features of Marae Tohua

Stone Structures: The site of Marae Tohua includes stone platforms, which are the main features of the marae. These platforms are built using large volcanic stones, a typical construction material in the Marquesas. The stones were carefully arranged to create a space where ceremonies could be conducted.

Upright Stones and Tiki Statues: At Marae Tohua, there are upright stones that likely served as markers or representations of gods or ancestors. In many cases, these stones were carved with symbols or figures that hold religious significance. Although the site may not have as many tiki statues as some other maraes in Polynesia, the stone arrangements still represent the spiritual connection between the physical and divine worlds.

Artifacts and Remains: Archaeologists have discovered various artifacts at Marae Tohua, such as pieces of pottery, tools, and remains of offerings. These findings provide insight into the daily life and spiritual practices of the Marquesans during the time the site was in use.

Visiting Marae Tohua

Cultural Importance: Marae Tohua is a sacred site, and visitors are encouraged to approach it with respect. It is important to understand that these sites are not only historical but also hold significant cultural value for the local Marquesan people. Some visitors may choose to visit with a guide to gain a deeper understanding of the site's spiritual and historical context.

Access: Marae Tohua is located near the village of Atuona, which can be accessed by boat or by local transportation on Hiva Oa. The site is not far from other important cultural and historical landmarks in the region, such as the Gauguin Museum and Gauguin’s Tomb, making it a convenient stop for travelers interested in the heritage of the Marquesas.

Preservation: Like many maraes throughout Polynesia, Marae Tohua is a protected site. Efforts to preserve these sacred places are crucial for maintaining the cultural legacy of the Marquesan people and for ensuring that future generations can learn about and appreciate their heritage.

Conclusion

Marae Tohua is an important archaeological and cultural site that offers a glimpse into the spiritual and social life of the Marquesan people before the arrival of Europeans. It serves as a reminder of the Marquesas' rich cultural history and the central role that religion, ceremonies, and social hierarchy played in the daily life of the islands. Visiting Marae Tohua provides an opportunity to connect with the deep traditions of the Marquesas while experiencing the beauty and serenity of Hiva Oa.