Old Royal Naval College | London

The Old Royal Naval College (ORNC) is a historic site located on the banks of the River Thames in Greenwich, London. The college is a key example of English baroque architecture and an important part of London’s maritime history. Originally founded as a naval hospital, it has evolved into one of London’s most iconic landmarks, now serving as a visitor attraction and a cultural hub. It is part of the Greenwich UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with the nearby Royal Observatory, Greenwich Park, and the Cutty Sark.

History of the Old Royal Naval College

Foundation and Early History

• The site where the Old Royal Naval College stands has a long history of royal and naval significance. In the early 17th century, it was originally the location of the Palace of Placentia, the birthplace of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace was largely destroyed by fire in 1698, and the site was redeveloped to serve a new purpose.

The Naval Hospital

In 1694, King William III decided to establish a royal naval hospital at the site to care for injured and elderly sailors. This hospital was designed to be a place of respite for retired seamen, providing them with medical care, food, and shelter.

The Royal Naval Hospital opened in 1705 and became one of the largest and most prestigious naval hospitals in Europe. The building design was the result of a collaboration between two of the most notable architects of the time: Sir Christopher Wren, who oversaw the construction, and John Vanbrugh, who contributed to the overall design.

The Old Royal Naval College as a Training Ground

• The Royal Naval Hospital functioned as a home for seamen for over two centuries. However, by the 1860s, the need for such an institution had diminished due to improvements in naval healthcare. As a result, in 1869, the Royal Naval Hospital was closed, and the site was repurposed for training officers of the Royal Navy. It became the Royal Naval College, a military academy where naval officers were educated, trained, and prepared for service. This role continued until the 1990s, when the college moved to a new facility at Dartmouth.

The Creation of the Greenwich Foundation

• In 1998, following the relocation of the Royal Naval College, the site was opened to the public. Today, it is managed by the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College, an organization that aims to preserve the site's heritage, make it accessible to the public, and ensure its ongoing role as a center for culture and education.

Architectural Features

The Old Royal Naval College is known for its magnificent baroque architecture and stunning riverside location. The buildings are some of the finest examples of 17th-century design, with a focus on symmetry, grandeur, and detail. The main features include:

Sir Christopher Wren’s Design

• The main architectural designer for the Royal Naval Hospital (later the Old Royal Naval College) was Sir Christopher Wren, the architect of St. Paul’s Cathedral. Wren’s design incorporated two main buildings: the King William Court and the Queen Mary Court. These buildings are arranged symmetrically on either side of a central domed chapel, creating a monumental and balanced complex.

The Painted Hall

One of the most iconic features of the Old Royal Naval College is the Painted Hall, often referred to as the "Sistine Chapel of the UK" due to its breathtaking ceiling and wall murals. Designed by Sir James Thornhill, the hall is decorated with grandiose and colorful scenes depicting British naval power and the triumph of King William III. The hall was originally used for ceremonial events and dining but now serves as an exhibition space and an important part of the site’s visitor experience.

• The hall’s ceiling and walls are covered with a series of intricate frescoes, which depict allegories of Britain’s naval victories and royal connections. The grand nature of this space and its vibrant artwork continue to captivate visitors.

The Chapel of St. Peter and St. Paul

The Chapel of St. Peter and St. Paul is another stunning architectural feature of the Old Royal Naval College. Built under the supervision of Sir Christopher Wren, the chapel is a serene and impressive space with a beautiful baroque interior. It features intricate wood carvings, impressive stained glass windows, and a grand altar.

• The chapel holds a significant place in British history and is the final resting place of many notable figures, including several admirals who played key roles in British naval history. It remains an active place of worship, used for services, weddings, and concerts.

Riverside Views

• The location of the Old Royal Naval College along the River Thames offers stunning views. The well-maintained lawns and gardens that surround the complex are perfect for visitors looking to relax or enjoy the views. The riverfront location also connects the college to other significant landmarks, including The Cutty Sark, the Royal Observatory, and Greenwich Park.

Modern-Day Use and Visitor Experience

Today, the Old Royal Naval College is an open, accessible site that offers visitors a glimpse into both British naval history and architectural grandeur. It provides a combination of history, culture, and scenic beauty, making it a popular attraction for tourists and locals alike.

Visitor Attractions

Guided Tours and Exhibitions: Visitors can take guided tours to learn more about the history of the site, the architecture, and its significance to the British navy. The Painted Hall and Chapel of St. Peter and St. Paul are the primary highlights, and both areas offer regular exhibitions on British naval history, royal figures, and artistic heritage.

The Painted Hall Visitor Experience: The Painted Hall is not only a visual feast but also offers interactive exhibits and storytelling experiences that delve deeper into its creation, the life of Sir James Thornhill, and its role in shaping British national identity.

Cultural Events and Festivals: The site hosts a range of events, from classical concerts to community festivals, bringing the site to life throughout the year. These events offer a chance to enjoy the building’s beauty while experiencing music, theater, or cultural talks in a unique setting.

Educational Programs

The Old Royal Naval College offers educational programs for schools and universities, with a focus on British history, naval heritage, and architecture. These programs provide students with opportunities to engage with the past through interactive workshops and on-site learning experiences.

Special programs, talks, and lectures are organized regularly, many of which focus on the naval history of the site and the broader context of British history, including the role of the navy in global exploration, trade, and military conflict.

Events and Activities for Families

• For families, the Old Royal Naval College offers a range of activities, such as themed tours, treasure hunts, and hands-on experiences that help children learn about the site’s history in an engaging and fun way.

Café and Gift Shop

• The Naval College Café provides a place to relax and enjoy refreshments, while the gift shop offers a selection of books, souvenirs, and nautical-themed products related to the history of the site.

Location and Accessibility

The Old Royal Naval College is located in Greenwich, an area well-known for its maritime history and beautiful parks. It is easily accessible by public transport:

• By Train: The closest station is Greenwich Station, which is just a short walk from the site.
• By DLR: The Cutty Sark DLR Station is also nearby, offering direct access from central London.
• By River: The site is accessible via Thames Clippers river bus services, which provide a scenic route along the Thames.
• By Foot: The Old Royal Naval College is part of the Greenwich World Heritage Site, so it’s easy to combine a visit with other nearby landmarks, such as The Cutty Sark, Greenwich Park, and the Royal Observatory.

Conclusion

The Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich is a stunning historical site that offers a blend of architectural beauty, rich history, and maritime significance. Whether you are interested in British naval history, architectural grandeur, or simply enjoying a day out in a picturesque setting, the Old Royal Naval College provides a memorable experience. From its Painted Hall to the Chapel of St. Peter and St. Paul, the site offers both educational and cultural opportunities, making it a must-see attraction for visitors to London.