Panduwasnuwara | Kurunegala

Panduwasnuwara is an important archaeological site and ancient city located in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka, near the town of Kurunegala. It is historically significant for being one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka during the Anuradhapura Kingdom. The city is renowned for its ruins, ancient structures, and its association with Sri Lankan royal history, particularly the Pandya Dynasty and its contributions to the island’s ancient history.

1. Overview

Location: Panduwasnuwara is situated about 25 kilometers from Kurunegala, which is approximately 95 kilometers north of Colombo. The site is located in the Wariyapola area, which is surrounded by the natural beauty of Sri Lanka’s rural landscape.

Name: The name Panduwasnuwara is believed to be derived from King Pandukabhaya of the Anuradhapura period, who is associated with the founding of the city. The city was named after him in recognition of his contributions to the establishment of this ancient capital.

2. Historical Significance

Anuradhapura Period: Panduwasnuwara was an important center of civilization during the Anuradhapura period (c. 377 BCE – c. 1017 CE). The city is believed to have been founded by King Pandukabhaya in the 4th century BCE and served as a key location in the establishment and consolidation of the Sinhalese monarchy.

Capital of Sri Lanka: While Anuradhapura is more famous for being the capital, Panduwasnuwara was a temporary capital during the reign of King Pandukabhaya. This transition was part of a larger political shift in the kingdom, and Panduwasnuwara played a critical role in strengthening the early Sinhalese monarchy.

Royal Connection: King Pandukabhaya is credited with many important changes in Sri Lanka, including the formation of administrative structures and the establishment of the first city planning efforts. The city of Panduwasnuwara represents the early foundations of the kingdom’s urban and political systems.

3. Features of Panduwasnuwara

Ruins of Ancient Structures: The archaeological site consists of ruins of temples, palaces, and fortifications. Some of the structures show clear signs of having once been part of a royal complex, which suggests the city’s former grandeur.

Main Attractions:

Pandukabhaya’s Palace: The remains of the palace attributed to King Pandukabhaya are located within the site. Archaeologists have found remnants of brickwork, walls, and stone foundations that suggest the existence of a significant royal palace.

The Ancient Temple: Another significant site within Panduwasnuwara is an ancient temple, believed to be a place of worship during the city’s occupation. The temple ruins showcase typical features of Buddhist architecture, including pillars and stone carvings.

Stupa (Dagoba): The stupa at Panduwasnuwara, although not as large as some other famous Sri Lankan stupas, is an important part of the site’s religious history. The stupa is believed to have been an important structure in early Buddhist worship.

Moat and Ramparts: Remains of a moat and ramparts around the site indicate that the city had defensive measures, typical of ancient capitals, used to protect the city from potential invaders.

Archaeological Artifacts: Numerous artifacts, including stone inscriptions, pottery fragments, and tools, have been discovered at Panduwasnuwara, shedding light on the everyday lives of the people who lived in the city. These objects provide valuable insights into the social, cultural, and religious practices of the time.

4. How to Reach Panduwasnuwara

By Car: The site is located about 25 kilometers from Kurunegala, and it can be accessed via the Kurunegala-Wariyapola Road (A10). Visitors can drive to the site from Kurunegala or Colombo by following this route. It takes about 30 minutes to an hour to reach the site from Kurunegala.

Public Transport: While there are buses to the town of Wariyapola, you may need to take a tuk-tuk or taxi from there to the actual archaeological site. Public transport options are available, though renting a vehicle is often more convenient.

5. Activities and Things to Do

Explore the Ancient Ruins: Visitors to Panduwasnuwara can explore the ruins of the ancient palace, temple, and other buildings. The site offers a glimpse into the life of early Sri Lankan civilization and allows visitors to experience the historical context of the Anuradhapura period.

Photography and Documentation: The ruins, inscriptions, and scenic surroundings make Panduwasnuwara an excellent destination for photographers and history enthusiasts. The natural landscape surrounding the ruins also adds to the beauty of the site.

Historical and Cultural Insights: Exploring the archaeological site provides visitors with a better understanding of early Sri Lankan history, particularly in the context of the Anuradhapura Kingdom and the efforts of King Pandukabhaya in establishing a strong political and religious center.

Learn About Ancient Urban Planning: The remnants of the city layout, including roads, drainage systems, and fortifications, give visitors insight into the advanced urban planning techniques used by early Sri Lankan kings, marking Panduwasnuwara as a key development in ancient urbanism.

6. Nearby Attractions

Kurunegala Town: The nearby town of Kurunegala offers other attractions, including the Elephant Rock (Ethagala), Kurunegala Lake, and other temples, making it an ideal base for exploring the region.

Mihintale: Located about 45 kilometers from Panduwasnuwara, Mihintale is a significant pilgrimage site that is linked to the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. It features a historic monastery, rock inscriptions, and Buddha statues.

Anuradhapura: The ancient city of Anuradhapura, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located around 60 kilometers from Panduwasnuwara. Anuradhapura is home to several Buddhist stupas, temples, and historical ruins, and is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Sri Lanka.

7. Best Time to Visit

Dry Season (December to April): The best time to visit Panduwasnuwara is during the dry season, from December to April, when the weather is clear and pleasant for exploring the site. The cooler months also make it more comfortable for walking around the ruins.

Weekdays: For a more peaceful and quiet experience, it is advisable to visit during weekdays when there are fewer visitors. Weekends may attract more local tourists and pilgrims.

8. Tips for Visitors

Wear Comfortable Shoes: Since the site involves walking around the ruins and exploring the surroundings, it’s important to wear comfortable shoes for the visit.

Bring Water and Snacks: Visitors should carry water and light snacks, as the site is located in a rural area with limited facilities.

Respect the Site: Panduwasnuwara is an important cultural and historical site, so visitors should respect the integrity of the ruins and avoid damaging any structures or artifacts.

Dress Modestly: As with all religious sites in Sri Lanka, visitors should dress modestly and respectfully when visiting the ruins and temple areas.

9. Conclusion

Panduwasnuwara is a fascinating historical site that offers insights into early Sri Lankan civilization and the Anuradhapura Kingdom. The ruins of ancient palaces, temples, and fortifications provide visitors with a glimpse into the grandeur of the past. With its peaceful atmosphere and rich cultural heritage, Panduwasnuwara is a must-visit for those interested in Sri Lanka’s ancient history and royal legacy.