West Roman Theatre | Irbid

The West Roman Theatre is an basalt-constructed performing arts venue located in the ancient city of Gadara, modern-day Umm Qais, Jordan. It is situated on the western slope of the acropolis, overlooking the Sea of Galilee and the Golan Heights.

Visual Characteristics

The structure is built primarily from black basalt stone, distinguishing it from the limestone ruins common in the region. It features a semi-circular cavea with 14 rows of seats in the lower tier, providing a capacity for approximately 3,000 spectators. The orchestra floor is paved with basalt slabs, and the remains of a vaulted passage (diazoma) separate the seating sections.

Location & Access Logistics

The site is accessed via the main Umm Qais road, approximately 110 kilometers north of Amman and 28 kilometers north of Irbid. Visitors can park in the designated lot at the Umm Qais Archaeological Park entrance. Public minibuses run regularly from the Irbid North Bus Station directly to the village of Umm Qais.

Historical & Ecological Origin

Constructed during the 2nd century AD, the theatre was a central feature of the Decapolis city of Gadara. It was designed for theatrical performances and public assemblies during the Roman imperial period. Unlike the North Theatre, which was built of limestone, this basalt structure was engineered to withstand the seismic activity common to the Jordan Rift Valley.

Key Highlights & Activities

Walking the basalt seating tiers provides views of the stage area and the surrounding valley. The vaulted internal corridors are accessible for exploration. Guided tours of the larger Gadara archaeological complex typically begin at this landmark.

Infrastructure & Amenities

The archaeological park includes a visitor center, restrooms, and a museum. Limited shade is available under the vaulted archways of the theatre. 4G cellular signal is stable throughout the site. A restaurant and small cafes are located within 200 meters of the theatre structure.

Best Time to Visit

The best time for photography is late afternoon when the sun sets over the Sea of Galilee, highlighting the texture of the black basalt. The spring months of March and April offer mild temperatures and lush green vegetation in the surrounding valleys. The site is open daily from 08:00 to 18:00 in summer and until 16:00 in winter.

Facts & Legends

The theatre features a unique headless white marble statue of Tyche, the goddess of fortune, which was discovered during excavations and is now housed in the nearby museum. A local acoustic feature allows a whisper from the center of the orchestra to be heard at the top row of the cavea.

Nearby Landmarks

Ottoman Village of Umm Qais (0.2km East)

North Roman Theatre (0.4km Northeast)

Basilica Terrace (0.3km North)

Decumanus Maximus (0.5km Northwest)