Yonghe Lamasery | Beijing

The Yonghe Lamasery (雍和宫, Yōnghé Gōng), also known as the Lama Temple, is one of the most important Tibetan Buddhist temples in Beijing, China. It is not only a significant religious site but also a historical and architectural treasure that attracts both locals and tourists. The temple represents the fusion of traditional Han Chinese and Tibetan Buddhist culture and architecture.

Overview:

Location:

• The Yonghe Lamasery is situated in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, near the Gulou (Drum Tower) area. It is easily accessible by public transport, making it a popular destination for visitors.

History:

• The temple was originally built in 1694 during the Qing Dynasty as the residence of the Prince Yong (Yongzheng), the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. The prince later ascended to the throne as the Yongzheng Emperor.
• After the emperor moved out, the building was converted into a Lamaist temple in 1744 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. It was designated as a Tibetan Buddhist monastery, and since then, it has been an important center for the practice and spread of Tibetan Buddhism in China.
• Over the centuries, the temple has undergone several renovations and expansions, maintaining its religious significance and architectural grandeur.

Name:

• The name “Yonghe” refers to Yongzheng, the emperor who once lived there. "Lamasery" is the term used for a monastery or temple dedicated to Lamaist Buddhism, which is another term for Tibetan Buddhism. The name reflects the temple's role as a center for Tibetan Buddhist worship and education.

Role in Buddhism:

• Today, the Yonghe Lamasery is an active Buddhist temple and remains one of the most visited sites for Tibetan Buddhists in China. It serves as a center for Lamaist religious practices and is a place of meditation, prayer, and education for monks and worshippers alike.
• The temple is famous for housing one of the largest wooden sculptures of Buddha in the world, a 18-meter high statue of Maitreya (the future Buddha), which is carved from a single piece of sandalwood.

Architecture:

The architecture of the Yonghe Lamasery is a fascinating blend of traditional Han Chinese styles and Tibetan Buddhist influences, reflecting its role as a bridge between different religious and cultural traditions.

Main Entrance and Layout:

• The temple complex is divided into several courtyards. The entrance gate leads to the first courtyard, and visitors will pass through several halls and buildings as they make their way deeper into the temple.
• The temple follows the traditional Chinese architectural layout with a longitudinal axis, with structures aligned along a north-south line. The buildings are laid out symmetrically, with an emphasis on a central courtyard and important structures placed along the axis.

Buildings and Halls:

• Hall of the Heavenly Kings (天王殿): This is the first hall you encounter upon entering the temple. It houses statues of the Four Heavenly Kings, who are protectors of Buddhist teachings.
• Main Hall (大殿): The largest hall in the complex, it contains statues of the Buddha of the Three Ages, including the past, present, and future Buddhas.
• Qianlong Hall (乾隆殿): A significant hall where the statue of Maitreya, the future Buddha, resides. This hall is particularly famous for the towering Maitreya statue, which stands 18 meters tall and is carved from a single piece of sandalwood.

Decorations and Art:

• The temple features Tibetan-style murals, sculptures, and intricate wood carvings that reflect Tibetan Buddhist religious themes. The walls are adorned with depictions of Buddhist deities and important scenes from Buddhist texts and history.
• The roof of the Yonghe Lamasery features the traditional golden tiles associated with Tibetan Buddhist architecture, while the interior is decorated with bright colors, Buddhist symbols, and prayer wheels.

Mural Paintings:

• Inside the temple, especially in the halls and side rooms, you will find beautiful murals depicting scenes from Buddhist scriptures, Tibetan Buddhist deities, and other sacred symbols. These murals demonstrate the deep connection between Chinese and Tibetan Buddhist traditions.

Key Features:

1. Buddhist Statues:
   • The temple is home to several Buddhist statues that are highly revered by followers of Tibetan Buddhism. Aside from the Maitreya statue, the temple also houses statues of Sakyamuni, the historical Buddha, as well as other notable figures such as Avalokiteshvara (the bodhisattva of compassion) and Manjushri (the bodhisattva of wisdom).
2. Tibetan Buddhist Monks:
   • The temple still houses Tibetan monks who practice and teach the teachings of Lamaist Buddhism. The monks engage in daily rituals, ceremonies, and prayers, and the temple is an active place of worship for local Buddhists and pilgrims from Tibet and other regions.
3. Buddhist Artifacts and Relics:
   • The temple also contains a collection of Buddhist artifacts, including prayer wheels, mantras, and relics of famous monks and religious figures. These objects are used in the religious practices conducted at the temple.

Cultural Significance:

Cultural Exchange:

• The Yonghe Lamasery is a symbol of the cultural exchange between Tibetan Buddhism and Han Chinese culture. The temple played an essential role in the spread of Tibetan Buddhist teachings across China, especially in the Qing Dynasty when Tibet was formally incorporated into the Qing Empire. The temple helped foster a deeper understanding and respect for Tibetan Buddhism among the Han Chinese people.

Pilgrimage Site:

• For Tibetan Buddhists, the Yonghe Lamasery is an important pilgrimage site. It is a place where people come to pray, meditate, and seek blessings. Many Tibetans visit the temple to participate in ceremonies, chanting prayers, and to make offerings to the Buddha.

Tourism and Religious Site:

• Today, the temple serves both as a tourist attraction and a religious site. Visitors come to admire the impressive architecture, see the Buddha statues, and learn about Tibetan Buddhist culture. However, it remains an active place of worship and continues to be an important religious center for Tibetan Buddhists.

Visitor Information:

• Opening Hours: The temple is generally open to the public daily, but the hours may vary depending on the season and any religious events. It is best to check in advance.
• Admission: The temple charges an entrance fee, though this is typically modest. Admission is free for monks and pilgrims.
• Accessibility: The Yonghe Lamasery is easily accessible via public transport, including the Beijing subway system. The nearest subway station is Yonghegong Lama Temple Station (Line 2), which is within walking distance of the temple.
• Guided Tours: Guided tours are available, and they offer insights into the history, architecture, and religious significance of the temple. Audio guides are also available in various languages.

Conclusion:

The Yonghe Lamasery is a fascinating and culturally significant site in Beijing, blending Tibetan Buddhist spirituality with Chinese architectural styles. It is an important place of worship for Tibetan Buddhists and offers visitors a chance to explore Tibetan Buddhist traditions in the heart of China. Its beautiful architecture, rich history, and peaceful atmosphere make it a must-visit for anyone interested in Buddhism, Chinese culture, and history.