Buffavento Castle | Kyrenia

Buffavento Castle is a medieval fortress located in the Kyrenia Mountains of Northern Cyprus, perched at an altitude of around 950 meters (3,117 feet) above sea level. The castle's name, "Buffavento," is derived from the Italian phrase "buffo vento," meaning "the wind that blows" or "windy place," a reference to the strong winds often experienced in the area. It is one of the three major castles in the Kyrenia region, alongside St. Hilarion Castle and Bellapais Abbey.

1. Historical Significance

• Origins: The exact date of the construction of Buffavento Castle is unclear, but it is believed to have been built during the Byzantine period (around the 10th or 11th century) to provide strategic control over the surrounding area. It was later expanded during the Lusignan period (12th-15th centuries).
• Purpose: The castle was built to serve as a fortification and a watchtower, providing defense for the region and controlling access to the Kyrenia area from the north. Its strategic location allowed it to monitor the coastline and provide a safe refuge in times of attack.
• Later History: Buffavento Castle changed hands several times throughout history, having been controlled by various powers, including the Lusignans, the Ottomans, and the Venetians. It was eventually abandoned and fell into ruin by the 18th century.

2. Architecture

• Strategic Location: Buffavento Castle is built on a rocky peak in the Kyrenia Mountains, offering sweeping views of the surrounding valleys, the Mediterranean coastline, and the nearby Kyrenia Harbor. Its elevated position made it an ideal site for military defense and surveillance.
• Structure: The castle is a relatively small but strong fortress, consisting of several walls, towers, and battlements. It was built using local stone and was designed to be difficult to attack, with natural cliffs on most sides, making it a virtually impenetrable stronghold.
  • Upper Tower: The uppermost part of the castle consists of a watchtower with panoramic views of the surrounding area, including the entire northern coast of Cyprus.
  • Lower and Middle Sections: The middle and lower sections of the castle contain various rooms and structures, including living quarters, storerooms, and defensive features like arrow slits and archways.
• Fortifications: Buffavento Castle is surrounded by thick walls and defensive structures, including a gatehouse and drawbridge (in earlier stages), all designed to defend against invading forces. Some parts of the castle remain in relatively good condition, though much of it is in ruins.

3. Access and Hiking

• Hiking Trails: Buffavento Castle is a popular destination for hikers and nature lovers, as it can be reached by foot via one of several hiking trails in the Kyrenia Mountains. The trail leading up to the castle is considered moderately challenging, taking visitors through rocky paths and steep inclines, offering stunning views along the way.
• Accessibility: The castle is not easily accessible by car due to its remote location, but there are roads leading close to the base of the mountain. From there, it is necessary to hike up the mountain to reach the castle.

4. Panoramic Views

• One of the main attractions of Buffavento Castle is the spectacular view it offers from the top. From the castle's watchtower, visitors can see a vast stretch of the northern coast of Cyprus, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Kyrenia Mountains. The castle’s elevated position makes it an ideal location for taking in panoramic vistas of the island's natural beauty.

5. Current State and Tourism

• Ruins: While Buffavento Castle is not as well-preserved as some other castles in Cyprus, it remains an impressive historical site. Many parts of the structure are in ruins, but the castle still attracts visitors due to its historical significance and scenic location.
• Tourist Attraction: The castle is a popular spot for tourists, especially those interested in medieval history, architecture, and hiking. The journey to the castle provides visitors with a glimpse of the natural and cultural history of Cyprus, and the castle itself is often included in guided tours of the Kyrenia region.

6. Cultural Importance

• Buffavento Castle, like other castles in Cyprus, holds cultural and historical importance as a symbol of the island’s medieval heritage. It serves as a reminder of Cyprus’s strategic location in the Mediterranean and its turbulent history, marked by various conquests and changes in ruling powers.

7. Myths and Legends

• Legend of the Castle’s Name: There are several local legends surrounding Buffavento Castle, including the idea that it was named after the winds that blew fiercely through the area, often making it a difficult place to inhabit. The winds were said to be a natural defense, making it harder for invaders to approach.
• Romantic Tales: Some folklore suggests that Buffavento Castle was the site of romantic tragedies or battles between rival noble families during the medieval period, adding to the mystique of the fortress.

Conclusion

Buffavento Castle is an iconic landmark in Northern Cyprus, offering a mix of historical intrigue, architectural beauty, and natural splendor. Its commanding position in the Kyrenia Mountains provides visitors with awe-inspiring views, while its medieval ruins offer a glimpse into the island's rich past. Whether you are interested in history, hiking, or simply enjoying scenic vistas, Buffavento Castle is a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the northern region of Cyprus.