Church of Sao Francisco | Porto

Church of São Francisco (Igreja de São Francisco) is one of Porto’s most remarkable landmarks, known for its gothic architecture and baroque interior, as well as its historical significance. The church is part of the Franciscan monastery complex and is celebrated for its ornate decorations and the famous golden altar.

1. History and Origins

• Foundation: The Church of São Francisco was founded in 1245 by the Franciscan order as part of a monastery that served as a spiritual and cultural center in Porto. The church was initially built in the Gothic style, which was popular in Portugal during the medieval period, and it became a significant site for religious activities in the city.
• Expansion and Alterations: Over the centuries, the church underwent several renovations and alterations. Most notably, in the 17th and 18th centuries, the church was transformed with the addition of an opulent baroque interior that reflects the wealth and artistic sensibilities of the period. This combination of gothic and baroque elements makes São Francisco a distinctive and striking example of Portuguese religious architecture.
• Secularization: Like many religious buildings in Portugal, the church and its associated monastery were affected by the secularization policies of the 19th century. After the dissolution of the monasteries in 1834, the church was no longer used for monastic purposes, though it continues to serve as a place of worship and a popular tourist attraction today.

2. Architectural Features

• Gothic Exterior: The exterior of São Francisco Church is a fine example of Gothic architecture, with its simple but elegant façade and pointed arches. The façade features a rose window and twin towers, while the interior reflects the grandeur of baroque religious art.
• Baroque Interior: The interior of the church is where São Francisco truly stands out. The walls are adorned with elaborate carvings, and the altar is covered in an overwhelming amount of gold leaf, giving it the appearance of an almost golden chapel. This lavish decoration is part of the baroque style, which was meant to inspire awe and display the wealth and power of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation.
• Vaulted Ceiling: The church’s vaulted ceiling, with its intricate wooden carvings, is also a notable feature. The high, dark wooden ceiling contributes to the church’s dramatic and awe-inspiring atmosphere.
• Golden Altar and Chapel: The main altar is the most spectacular feature of the interior, completely covered in gold leaf. The altar is complemented by several side chapels that are richly decorated, showcasing the baroque style’s preference for extravagance and detail. The Chapel of Saint Anthony and the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament are among the most notable side chapels.

3. The Catacombs

• Underground Crypt: Beneath the Church of São Francisco lies a crypt that is part of the church's fascinating history. The crypt is home to the remains of former monks and local citizens, and its bones are displayed in a macabre fashion, giving the church an eerie and somber undertone. These catacombs reflect the historical tradition of burying the dead beneath churches and are a stark reminder of the inevitability of death.
• Skull and Bone Decorations: The catacombs are particularly famous for their arranged skulls and bones, which are part of the decoration. This macabre display was common in churches during the Baroque period as a way of symbolizing mortality and the fleeting nature of life.

4. Historical Significance

• Religious Importance: As a Franciscan church, São Francisco has long been a significant religious site in Porto. The church was central to the Franciscan movement in the region, and it remains an important part of Porto's religious life today, with regular masses and religious ceremonies.
• Cultural Heritage: The church is also an essential piece of Porto's cultural heritage. It represents a key period in the city's development during the Middle Ages and the Baroque era, serving as both a place of worship and a symbol of the Catholic Church’s power in Portugal.
• UNESCO World Heritage: São Francisco Church is located within the historic center of Porto, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Its architectural beauty and historical significance contribute to the overall value of Porto’s historic district, which includes other landmarks like the Ribeira District and the Palácio da Bolsa.

5. Visitor Experience

• Guided Tours: Visitors to São Francisco Church can explore both its gothic and baroque elements. Guided tours are available for those who wish to learn more about the church’s history, architecture, and the symbolism behind its rich decorations. The tours typically highlight the golden altar, the azulejos, and the catacombs.
• Photography: The stunning interior, especially the golden altar and the catacombs, makes São Francisco a great location for photography. Visitors are often encouraged to capture the church’s beauty, although there may be some restrictions on photography inside the main chapel.
• Cultural Events: The church occasionally hosts classical concerts and cultural events, particularly in the evening, when the atmosphere of the church is transformed by lighting and acoustics.
• Access: São Francisco Church is located in the historic center of Porto, near other major landmarks such as the Palácio da Bolsa and the Ribeira District, making it easily accessible to visitors. It is also within walking distance of the Dom Luís I Bridge and São Bento Railway Station.

6. Visitor Information

• Opening Hours: The Church of São Francisco is open to visitors throughout the week, though opening hours may vary, particularly for religious ceremonies. It is advisable to check the times for masses or special services if planning to visit during these periods.
• Entrance Fees: There is an entrance fee for visiting the church, which helps support its upkeep and preservation. The fee usually includes access to the main church, the catacombs, and any temporary exhibitions hosted within the building.
• Accessibility: São Francisco Church is generally accessible, though visitors with limited mobility should be aware of the steep steps leading into the church. The church does not have an elevator, but it is possible to access some parts of the church through side entrances.

7. Summary

The Church of São Francisco is one of Porto’s most stunning and historically significant landmarks. Its combination of gothic exterior and baroque interior makes it an architectural marvel, while its rich history and unique features—such as the golden altar and macabre catacombs—make it a must-visit destination in Porto. Whether you're interested in its religious history, its artistic beauty, or its cultural significance, São Francisco Church is an essential part of any Porto itinerary.