Cube Houses (Kubuswoningen) | Rotterdam

The Cube Houses (Kubuswoningen) in Rotterdam are one of the most unique and recognizable architectural landmarks in the city. Designed by the innovative Dutch architect Piet Blom, the Cube Houses are a striking example of modern, experimental design. These houses are known for their distinctive, tilted cube-shaped structures, which seem to defy traditional architectural conventions. Located in the heart of Rotterdam, near the Blaak Railway Station, the Cube Houses are a must-see for anyone visiting the city.

1. Design and Architecture

• Architect: The Cube Houses were designed by Piet Blom, a prominent architect who was known for his unconventional and imaginative approach to urban design. The project was part of a larger urban renewal plan for the Blaak area of Rotterdam.
• Construction: The Cube Houses were built between 1982 and 1984. They are based on the concept of a cube rotated 45 degrees, which is then placed on a pyramid-shaped base. Each house is set at a 45-degree angle to the ground, creating the illusion that they are standing on their corners. The houses are intended to resemble trees growing in a forest, with each cube representing the trunk of a tree and the entire neighborhood symbolizing a forest.
• Materials: The Cube Houses are primarily constructed from concrete and glass, with large windows that allow for plenty of natural light inside the homes.

2. Concept and Function

• Innovative Design: Blom's concept was revolutionary because it pushed the boundaries of traditional housing. The tilted cubes are intended to maximize space inside the homes while creating an unusual, eye-catching appearance on the outside. The houses are multi-story and designed to make the most of limited space, which was important given Rotterdam’s dense urban environment.
• Living in the Cubes: The Cube Houses are residential homes, with many of them still occupied by private residents. Each house is designed with an open floor plan, including a living area, kitchen, and bedrooms. The angular walls and slanted roofs create a unique and unconventional living space, with each house offering a different layout due to the distinct angles and design of the cubes.
• Commercial Use: In addition to residential units, one of the Cube Houses has been converted into a museum called the Show Cube (Kijk-Kubus), allowing visitors to experience what it’s like to live in one of the houses. It gives a glimpse into the interior layout and functionality of the homes, showing how the unusual design is adapted for daily life.

3. Interior Layout

• Floor Plan: The Cube Houses are built on three levels. The ground floor is typically used as a living area or kitchen, while the upper floors serve as bedrooms and storage spaces. The interior layout is unconventional due to the tilted walls, which affect the shape of the rooms. The design maximizes the available space by using clever, space-saving solutions, though the angles may make certain areas feel somewhat cramped or untraditional in comparison to standard homes.
• Windows and Light: The large windows that make up much of the exterior wall bring in plenty of natural light and offer views of the surrounding city. This is particularly important in Rotterdam, a city known for its modern architecture and vibrant urban life.

4. Cultural Impact

• Symbol of Rotterdam’s Innovation: The Cube Houses are a symbol of Rotterdam’s progressive and innovative spirit. The city is renowned for its bold, modern architecture, much of which was built in the aftermath of World War II when much of Rotterdam was destroyed. The Cube Houses represent the city’s willingness to experiment with new forms of urban living.
• Tourist Attraction: The Cube Houses have become one of Rotterdam’s most famous tourist attractions, drawing visitors from around the world. People come to admire their unique design, take photos, and even visit the Show Cube Museum to learn more about how they are lived in.
• Art and Media: The Cube Houses are frequently featured in media, advertisements, and documentaries about innovative architecture. They’ve also appeared in popular films and TV shows, adding to their global fame as an architectural icon.

5. Visiting the Cube Houses

• Show Cube (Kijk-Kubus): Visitors can experience the interior of one of the Cube Houses at the Show Cube. It’s a fully furnished example, providing insight into how the homes are designed for everyday use. The museum is open to the public and offers an interactive experience, where visitors can explore the rooms and see how they are adapted for practical living.
• Tourist Experience: While the Cube Houses themselves are interesting to look at from the outside, visiting the Show Cube gives a deeper understanding of the architectural and design principles behind the structure. The museum’s interactive exhibits and the chance to explore the home from the inside make it a fascinating stop for architecture enthusiasts.

6. Location and Accessibility

• Blaak Station: The Cube Houses are located near Blaak Station, one of the central transit hubs in Rotterdam, making them easily accessible by public transport. The area is also home to several other important landmarks, including the Markthal and the old harbor, making it an ideal stop on a walking tour of the city.
• Nearby Attractions: The Cube Houses are close to other key attractions, such as the Witte de Withstraat (a popular street with cafes, galleries, and restaurants), the Maritime Museum, and the Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum. These make the Cube Houses an excellent base for exploring the city’s cultural and historical highlights.

7. Public Reception

• Mixed Opinions: The Cube Houses have generated mixed reactions over the years. Some people love the innovative design and find the houses charming and practical, while others are critical of the unusual layout and lack of traditional features. Regardless, they have been widely recognized as an important part of Rotterdam’s architectural heritage.
• Recognition: The Cube Houses are considered one of the most famous examples of experimental architecture in the world, and they have been recognized in various architectural competitions and exhibitions.

8. Conclusion

The Cube Houses (Kubuswoningen) are a remarkable feat of architecture and design. With their distinctive, tilted cubes, they offer a fresh take on urban living, blending creativity with practicality. The Cube Houses not only serve as a functional residential area but also stand as a symbol of Rotterdam’s commitment to innovative design and urban renewal. Whether you’re an architecture enthusiast or simply looking for a unique place to visit in Rotterdam, the Cube Houses offer a fascinating and unforgettable experience.