Itsukushima Shrine (Miyajima) | Hiroshima

Itsukushima Shrine (厳島神社, Itsukushima Jingu) is one of Japan’s most iconic and sacred Shinto shrines, located on Miyajima Island in the Seto Inland Sea near Hiroshima. Known for its stunning beauty and spiritual significance, this UNESCO World Heritage Site attracts millions of visitors each year who come to experience its unique setting, its historical and cultural importance, and its breathtaking views.

1. History and Significance

Founded in the 6th Century: Itsukushima Shrine is believed to have been founded in 593 AD by Saeki no Kuramoto, though it is thought that the island of Miyajima had been a sacred site for centuries before the shrine was established. Over time, the shrine grew in importance, and it became a center of worship dedicated to the Three Deities of Itsukushima: Susa-no-Ō, Ichikishimahime, and Tagorihime.

Sacred Island of Miyajima: The entire island of Miyajima, where the shrine is located, is considered sacred and is part of the Setonaikai National Park. The island’s name, Miyajima, literally means "shrine island." Historically, no one was allowed to be born or die on the island, and its forests were preserved as sacred spaces for the gods.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: In 1996, Itsukushima Shrine was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in recognition of its cultural and historical importance. The shrine is a prime example of traditional Shinto architecture and its integration with the natural landscape.

2. Key Features of Itsukushima Shrine

The Torii Gate: The floating torii gate of Itsukushima Shrine is perhaps one of the most recognizable and photographed symbols of Japan. Standing in the waters of the Seto Inland Sea, the massive gate appears to "float" at high tide, creating a striking and ethereal image. The gate is approximately 16.6 meters tall and weighs about 60 tons. It was originally built in 1168 during the Heian period and has since been rebuilt and maintained to preserve its sacred nature. The torii gate marks the boundary between the sacred and the secular, as it does at many Shinto shrines.

The Shrine Complex: The shrine complex consists of several buildings, including the main hall (honden), the prayer hall (haiden), and various smaller shrines. These buildings are connected by elevated walkways, which add to the scenic beauty of the site. The entire complex was built on stilts to protect it from flooding and to maintain a sense of unity with the surrounding water.

Shinto Architecture: The architecture of Itsukushima Shrine follows the traditional Shinden-zukuri style, characterized by a thatched roof, wooden pillars, and a structure raised above the ground. The design of the shrine emphasizes harmony with nature and allows visitors to experience the sacred space in an immersive way.

Sacred Space: The shrine is dedicated to three deities of the sea, and as such, it has an association with water and nature. Its layout is carefully planned to reflect the harmony between man-made structures and the natural environment. The shrine’s location, surrounded by lush forests and scenic waters, enhances its spiritual ambiance.

3. The Floating Effect

Tidal Phenomenon: The most famous feature of Itsukushima Shrine is the visual effect of the torii gate and the main hall when the tide rises. During high tide, the shrine's main buildings appear to float on the water, creating a surreal and magical atmosphere. This phenomenon has made the site one of Japan's most photographed places, especially during sunrise or sunset, when the light creates even more dramatic views.

Low Tide: At low tide, visitors can walk up to the torii gate and see the foundation of the structure. This shift in the tidal cycle highlights the deep connection between the shrine and the natural world, symbolizing the fluid relationship between the sacred and the transient.

4. Cultural and Religious Importance

Shinto Beliefs: The shrine is dedicated to the deities of the sea, and as with many Shinto shrines, the sacredness of the space is linked to the idea of kami (spiritual beings) residing in natural elements. The island and the shrine are considered to be a direct manifestation of kami in the physical world.

Annual Festivals: There are several traditional festivals at Itsukushima Shrine, including the Miyajima Water Fireworks Festival held in summer. The most significant festival is the Tori-no-Ichi (the festival of the torii gate), which celebrates the shrine's spiritual connection to the sea and its deities.

Religious Practices: Visitors to the shrine often offer prayers for good health, happiness, and safe travels. Many also participate in rituals such as ringing the bell or donating offerings. The natural beauty of the shrine also encourages a sense of tranquility and reflection among those who visit.

5. Other Notable Features

Itsukushima Shrine's Treasure Hall: The Treasury Hall (Kōbō) houses an impressive collection of cultural artifacts, including ancient scrolls, samurai swords, paintings, and other religious objects. Many of these objects are associated with the shrine’s long history, some of which are more than 1,000 years old.

Daishō-in Temple: On Mount Misen, the highest peak on Miyajima, visitors can find the Daishō-in Temple, a Buddhist temple that complements the spiritual atmosphere of Itsukushima Shrine. The temple is dedicated to the Buddhist deity Kōbō Daishi, and it features beautiful gardens, peaceful walking paths, and views of the Seto Inland Sea.

6. Visiting Itsukushima Shrine

Location: The shrine is located on Miyajima Island, which is just off the coast of Hiroshima. It can be reached via a ferry from Hiroshima city, with the trip taking around 10 minutes. Miyajima Island itself is accessible by both boat and train, making it a convenient destination for tourists in the Hiroshima area.

Admission: There is a fee to enter the main shrine complex. The entrance fee is typically around ¥300 for adults. The ferry ride to the island is an additional cost, but it is often included in travel passes for the region.

Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit Itsukushima Shrine is during the early morning or late afternoon when the lighting is optimal for photography, and the site is less crowded. The cherry blossom season (spring) and autumn are especially beautiful times to visit, as the surrounding trees come alive with vibrant colors, enhancing the already stunning backdrop of the shrine.

7. Conclusion

Itsukushima Shrine on Miyajima Island is a breathtaking and spiritually significant place that offers a unique combination of natural beauty, religious history, and cultural heritage. Its stunning floating torii gate, sacred grounds, and historical structures make it one of Japan’s most iconic sites. A visit to Itsukushima Shrine is not just a chance to see a beautiful monument but also an opportunity to experience the deep spiritual connection between nature, religion, and Japanese culture. Whether you come for its beauty, history, or serene atmosphere, Itsukushima Shrine is a must-see destination in Japan.