Khndzoresk Cave Village | Goris

Khndzoresk Cave Village is a historic and unique settlement located near the town of Goris in Syunik Province, Armenia. Perched on the cliffs of a deep canyon, this ancient village consists of hundreds of man-made cave dwellings carved into soft volcanic tuff, offering a fascinating glimpse into Armenia’s rural and medieval past.

Historical Background

Khndzoresk was inhabited from at least the 5th century and flourished during the medieval period. Residents carved homes, storage spaces, and churches directly into the cliffs, creating a labyrinthine network of cave dwellings. The village played a significant role in local trade and defense, with its cliffside position providing natural protection from invaders. Many caves remained inhabited until the early 20th century, after which the community gradually moved to the modern village below.

Architectural Features

The cave dwellings vary in size and complexity, with some featuring multiple rooms, stone doorways, and niches for storage. Small chapels and khachkars (cross-stones) are integrated into the rock faces. A network of footpaths and stairways connects the caves, often following the natural contours of the cliffs. The old village is a striking example of adaptation to the natural environment, where architecture blends seamlessly with geological formations.

Surrounding Landscape

Khndzoresk is perched above a steep canyon, with the Vorotan River valley visible below. The cliffs are interspersed with shrubs, wildflowers, and patches of forest, providing both beauty and shade. Visitors walking across the famous swinging bridge, which connects the old village to the newer settlement, are treated to panoramic views of the gorge, surrounding hills, and distant mountains. Seasonal changes transform the scenery, from lush green in spring and summer to golden hues in autumn and snow-covered cliffs in winter.

Cultural and Historical Significance

The village represents Armenia’s medieval rural life, ingenuity in cliffside construction, and adaptation to challenging terrain. Folklore, religious practices, and community traditions are preserved through remaining chapels and inscriptions. Khndzoresk is also tied to legends of local heroes and historical events, adding a layer of cultural mystique to the site.

Visitor Experience

Visitors can explore the cave dwellings, walk along the cliffside paths, and cross the swinging bridge for dramatic views. The site encourages both exploration and reflection, offering a mix of history, adventure, and natural beauty. Photography, hiking, and guided tours enhance understanding of the village’s architecture, history, and local legends.

Practical Aspects

Khndzoresk Cave Village is accessible by road from Goris, with parking available near the trailheads. Visitors are advised to wear sturdy shoes due to uneven paths and stairs. The swinging bridge and cliffside trails require careful walking, making the site suitable for those comfortable with moderate hiking. The village is often visited alongside nearby natural and cultural attractions, such as Tatev Monastery, Wings of Tatev, and Vorotan Gorge, providing a full exploration of Syunik Province’s heritage.