Liberty Point Historic District | Fayetteville

The Liberty Point Historic District is a historically and architecturally significant area located in downtown Fayetteville, North Carolina. It holds great importance in the early history of the United States, particularly in relation to the American Revolutionary War, and showcases an impressive collection of late 18th and 19th-century commercial and residential buildings.

Historical Significance

The Liberty Point Historic District is best known for being the site where the Liberty Point Resolves were signed on June 20, 1775. This was a crucial moment in early American revolutionary history. Fifty-five patriots from Cumberland County met at Lewis Barge’s Tavern, located in the Cross Creek area (which later became part of Fayetteville), to adopt a formal statement of allegiance to the cause of American independence from British rule.

The Liberty Point Resolves—also called "The Cumberland Association"—was a declaration affirming the signers’ willingness to "sacrifice our lives and fortunes to secure her freedom and safety." This pledge came more than a year before the Declaration of Independence, making it a significant early expression of the revolutionary spirit in the southern colonies. The document reflected the local population’s commitment to liberty and resistance against British oppression and contributed to building revolutionary momentum in North Carolina.

A granite monument now stands at the intersection of Person Street and Bow Street to commemorate the signers of the resolves, symbolizing the district’s foundational role in America’s struggle for independence.

Architectural Features and Development

The Liberty Point Historic District is centered around Liberty Row, a continuous block of 14 brick row buildings stretching along Person Street between Bow Street and Ray Avenue. These buildings date from approximately 1791 to 1916 and exemplify a range of architectural styles, including:

Federal Style: Characterized by its symmetry, simple geometry, and classic decorative elements such as elliptical fanlights and sidelights around doors.

Italianate Style: Featuring tall, narrow windows with arches, decorative brackets under eaves, and elaborate cornices.

Romanesque Revival: Recognizable for its heavy stonework, rounded arches, and textured facades.

Among these buildings, the Liberty Point Store, constructed around 1791, stands out as the oldest commercial building in Fayetteville and is historically important as the site where the Liberty Point Resolves were signed. Over the years, these buildings have served diverse commercial and residential purposes, including shops, offices, and housing, reflecting Fayetteville’s growth as a commercial hub during the 18th and 19th centuries.

The district’s buildings retain much of their historic fabric, with original brickwork, woodwork, and architectural detailing preserved or carefully restored. This preservation allows visitors to experience the authentic character of an early American urban commercial district.

In 1973, the Liberty Point Historic District was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places, recognizing its architectural and historical significance. It is also part of the larger Fayetteville Downtown Historic District, designated in 1999, which includes additional historic buildings and sites around downtown Fayetteville.

Role in Fayetteville and Regional History

Beyond the Liberty Point Resolves, the district and its surrounding area played a critical role in Fayetteville’s development as a center of commerce, government, and civic life. Fayetteville was an early state capital and a key site in North Carolina for political and economic activity. The proximity of Liberty Point to the Market House, where the North Carolina General Assembly ratified the U.S. Constitution in 1789, further anchors the district within significant state and national history.

The district also reflects Fayetteville’s transition through various economic phases, including:

The post-Revolutionary War rebuilding period.

The growth of commercial enterprises during the 19th century.

The changes wrought by the Civil War and Reconstruction.

The gradual modernization of downtown Fayetteville into the early 20th century.

Visitor Experience

Today, the Liberty Point Historic District is a vibrant part of downtown Fayetteville, blending historical preservation with modern urban life. Visitors walking along Liberty Row can appreciate the architectural details of the brick buildings, many of which have been adapted for contemporary use while retaining their historic charm.

The district offers:

Historical Interpretation: Informational plaques and the granite monument highlight the significance of the Liberty Point Resolves and the district’s history.

Cultural and Commercial Venues: Some buildings house shops, restaurants, art galleries, and offices, contributing to a lively atmosphere.

Walking Tours: Local heritage tours often include Liberty Point as a key stop, helping visitors understand the district’s role in Fayetteville’s and the nation’s history.

The district’s location is convenient for visitors to explore other nearby historic sites, such as the Cumberland County Courthouse and the Market House, both of which add context and depth to the overall historic experience.

Preservation and Impact

Efforts by local historical societies, preservation groups, and the city government have ensured that Liberty Point remains protected and appreciated as a critical cultural landmark. Maintaining the historic integrity of the buildings and the stories associated with them supports Fayetteville’s identity as a city deeply connected to the origins of American liberty.

The district acts as an educational resource, illustrating how local communities contributed to the American Revolution and how architectural heritage helps tell the story of the nation’s development.

Summary

The Liberty Point Historic District is a cornerstone of Fayetteville’s historical landscape. It combines architectural elegance, a rich revolutionary heritage, and a continuing role in the city’s cultural life. From the early patriotism expressed in the Liberty Point Resolves to the enduring presence of historic brick row buildings, the district offers a detailed and immersive experience that honors the legacy of those who fought for freedom and shaped the region’s history. It remains a vital destination for those seeking to understand North Carolina’s role in the birth of the United States and the evolution of its urban fabric.