Long Market | Warsaw

Long Market (Polish: Długi Targ) is one of the most famous streets in Gdańsk, Poland, and serves as a central point in the city's Old Town. It is a vibrant and historic area that is particularly known for its beautiful architecture, rich history, and role as a key center for trade and commerce during the city's prosperous past. The street runs from the Golden Gate to the Main Town Hall, and it forms part of the city's Royal Way, a route historically used by royalty and important figures.

History and Significance

Medieval Origins: The origins of Long Market trace back to the medieval period when it was part of Gdańsk's major trading routes. The street became the main marketplace of the city, where merchants would gather to sell their goods. Its central location made it a natural gathering place for both local residents and foreign traders, helping to establish Gdańsk as one of the most important cities in the Hanseatic League.

Hanseatic League: As a member of the Hanseatic League, Gdańsk thrived on trade, particularly in grain, amber, and salt. Long Market was the heart of this economic activity, where merchants from all over Europe brought their goods. The street was bustling with commerce and served as a social, economic, and political hub for the city.

Royal Way: Long Market forms part of the Royal Way (Polish: Trakt Królewski), a route that royalty and important dignitaries would take when visiting the city. The Royal Way connects key landmarks of Gdańsk, such as the Golden Gate, Long Market, Main Town Hall, and the Green Gate, with the Motława River. The street was often decorated and served as the main promenade for celebrations and official events.

World War II Damage and Reconstruction: During World War II, much of Gdańsk, including Long Market, was heavily damaged in the bombing and fighting that took place in the city. After the war, the city and its most important buildings, including those along Long Market, were painstakingly restored to their former glory, preserving their historical character and architectural heritage.

Architecture and Design

Renaissance and Baroque Influence: Long Market is lined with beautiful buildings showcasing Renaissance, Baroque, and Gothic architectural styles. The buildings have colorful facades and intricate decorative details, reflecting the wealth and artistic tastes of the Hanseatic merchants and city officials who once lived there.

Golden Gate: At the western end of Long Market stands the Golden Gate (Polish: Złota Brama), a monumental archway that serves as the entrance to the city’s historic center. The gate, built in the 17th century, is an excellent example of Baroque architecture and marks the beginning of Long Market. It was designed to impress visitors and symbolize the city’s wealth and importance.

Long Lane (Długa Street): Long Market is part of a larger promenade that connects to Long Lane (Polish: Długa Street), which is one of the most important streets in Gdańsk. The buildings lining Long Market and Long Lane are often three or four stories tall and are characterized by their decorative facades, elaborate windows, and rooflines.

Main Town Hall: The Main Town Hall (Polish: Ratusz Głównego Miasta) is one of the prominent buildings on Long Market. The building, with its Renaissance-style facade, tall tower, and ornate decorations, serves as a reminder of Gdańsk's long history as a major European port and trading city. It is also home to the Museum of Gdańsk, which exhibits the city’s rich cultural and historical heritage.

Neptune Fountain: In the middle of Long Market, you'll find the famous Neptune Fountain (Polish: Fontanna Neptuna), a Baroque statue of the Roman god of the sea, Neptune, surrounded by a pool. This fountain has been a symbol of the city since it was first erected in the 17th century. The statue represents Gdańsk's connection to the sea and its maritime history.

Notable Buildings and Landmarks

Artus Court (Dwór Artusa): Situated on Long Market, Artus Court is a historic building that once served as a meeting place for merchants and wealthy citizens. Built in the 14th century, the building is now a museum and an important historical landmark. Its Renaissance facade and elaborate interior are well worth seeing, with intricate woodwork, painted ceilings, and statues depicting figures from Gdańsk’s past.

Golden House: The Golden House (Polish: Złota Kamienica) is another important building along Long Market. It is a Renaissance-style mansion, known for its ornate facade, which is decorated with scenes from mythology and biblical stories. The Golden House is one of the most well-preserved examples of Renaissance architecture in Gdańsk.

Green Gate (Zielona Brama): The Green Gate, located at the eastern end of Long Market, is another impressive landmark. The Renaissance-style gate once served as a royal residence and is an important architectural feature of the Royal Way. The Green Gate overlooks the Motława River and leads to the Granary Island.

House of the Prison Tower (Dom Schodów): This building at the end of Long Market is home to the Prison Tower, which was used as a prison during the medieval period. The building is now a museum and part of the Gdańsk Historical Museum. It is an important reminder of the city's medieval past.

Modern Role and Cultural Importance

Shopping and Tourism: Today, Long Market is one of the most popular destinations for tourists in Gdańsk. The street is lined with shops, cafés, and restaurants, making it a lively area for both visitors and locals. It is an ideal place for strolling, shopping for souvenirs, and experiencing the vibrant atmosphere of Gdańsk’s historic center.

Cultural Events and Festivals: Long Market hosts a variety of cultural events throughout the year, including Christmas markets, cultural festivals, and public celebrations. The street is often the site of concerts, theatrical performances, and parades, and it serves as a hub for cultural activity in the city.

Historic Preservation: Long Market remains one of Gdańsk’s most historically significant areas, and it has been preserved as part of the city’s commitment to maintaining its cultural and architectural heritage. The restoration efforts after World War II ensured that the street retained its historic character while accommodating modern uses.

Conclusion

Long Market is not only a central street in Gdańsk but also a symbol of the city’s wealth, history, and cultural heritage. From its medieval origins as a marketplace to its role as part of the Royal Way, Long Market has been at the heart of Gdańsk’s social, political, and commercial life. With its stunning architecture, historic buildings, and lively atmosphere, Long Market remains one of the most iconic and beloved parts of Gdańsk, offering visitors a glimpse into the city’s past while serving as a bustling center for modern-day activities. Whether you're exploring the Neptune Fountain, shopping for souvenirs, or simply admiring the beautiful buildings, Long Market is a must-visit destination in Gdańsk.