Longfellow House-Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site | Cambridge MA

Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site – In Detail

The Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site, located at 105 Brattle Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a landmark of profound historical and cultural significance. It served both as the colonial home of the renowned American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and as General George Washington’s headquarters during the critical early years of the American Revolutionary War.

Historical Background

18th Century Origins:
Built in 1759 by John Vassall, a wealthy Loyalist, the house is a fine example of Georgian architecture. Before the Revolution, it was a grand private residence overlooking Cambridge Common, reflecting the social status and wealth of colonial Boston’s elite.

Washington’s Headquarters (1775–1776):
Following the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the house was requisitioned by the Continental Army. From July 1775 to April 1776, General George Washington used it as his headquarters while overseeing the Siege of Boston. This period was pivotal as Washington organized and trained the Continental forces in their first major military engagement.

Post-War and Longfellow Residence:
In the 1830s, the house was purchased by the family of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, one of America’s most celebrated poets. Longfellow lived there for nearly 50 years until his death in 1882. The home became a cultural hub, hosting literary figures, artists, and intellectuals.

Architecture and Interior

Georgian Style:
The house features classic Georgian design elements, including symmetry, paneled walls, elegant woodwork, and large windows. Its well-preserved façade and interiors reflect mid-18th-century colonial tastes.

Period Furnishings:
Inside, visitors can see a collection of period furnishings, personal artifacts, and original decorative elements. The rooms are arranged to evoke the atmosphere of both the Revolutionary War era and Longfellow’s 19th-century residency.

Longfellow Family Artifacts:
The house contains memorabilia related to Longfellow’s life and work, including original manuscripts, portraits, and family possessions that provide insight into his domestic and literary life.

Significance

Revolutionary War Importance:
As Washington’s first official headquarters during the Siege of Boston, the site played a critical role in American independence. Strategic military planning and leadership decisions that helped shape the nation took place within its walls.

Cultural Legacy:
The house is a symbol of American literary heritage through its association with Longfellow, who authored iconic poems such as Paul Revere’s Ride, The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline.

Historic Preservation:
Designated as a National Historic Site in 1972, the house is preserved by the National Park Service, which manages public access, educational programs, and preservation efforts.

Visitor Experience

Tours:
Guided tours provide detailed narratives of the house’s dual historical significance, exploring both Washington’s military leadership and Longfellow’s cultural contributions.

Exhibits and Programs:
The site hosts special exhibits, educational programs, and events related to Revolutionary War history, colonial life, and American literature.

Garden and Grounds:
The property includes well-maintained gardens that reflect historic landscaping styles and provide a tranquil setting overlooking Cambridge Common.

Location and Accessibility

Situated near Harvard Square, the Longfellow House is accessible by:

Public Transit: MBTA Red Line to Harvard Station, with a short walk to the site.

Bus Services: Several routes serve the area.

Parking: Limited street parking is available; public transit is recommended.

Summary

The Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site uniquely combines Revolutionary War history with American literary heritage. It offers visitors a rich experience that spans the founding of the United States and its cultural blossoming. Through its preserved architecture, artifacts, and interpretive programs, the site provides deep insight into two pivotal figures-George Washington and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow-and their lasting impact on the nation’s history and identity.