Port Royal Museum | Port Royal

Port Royal, Jamaica, has a rich and turbulent history, once serving as the center of trade and piracy in the Caribbean. It was founded by the Spanish in 1494 but gained prominence under English control in the 17th century. The town became infamous for its association with buccaneers and privateers, including the notorious Captain Henry Morgan, who later became the governor of Jamaica. Port Royal thrived as a bustling port city, attracting merchants, sailors, and criminals alike.

The 1692 Earthquake and Its Aftermath

On June 7, 1692, a catastrophic earthquake struck Port Royal, causing massive destruction. Buildings collapsed, and entire sections of the city sank into the sea, killing thousands of people. The earthquake was followed by a tsunami, further devastating the settlement. The event was seen by some as divine punishment for the city's sinful reputation. Although efforts were made to rebuild, the disaster marked the beginning of Port Royal's decline.

Another earthquake in 1907 caused additional damage, leaving only remnants of the once-thriving city. Today, Port Royal is a quiet fishing village, but its historical significance continues to attract researchers and tourists.

Port Royal Museum & Historical Sites

1. Fort Charles Museum

One of the most well-preserved historical sites in Port Royal is Fort Charles, built in the 1650s by the English as a defensive structure. It was one of six forts protecting the harbor and played a crucial role in securing the city from naval attacks.

The Fort Charles Museum, located within the fort, serves as a primary historical exhibit showcasing Port Royal’s past. The museum contains:

• Archaeological Artifacts – Items recovered from the sunken portions of the city, including pottery, weapons, coins, jewelry, and everyday objects from the 17th century.
• Historical Documents – Maps, ship logs, and records detailing trade, naval battles, and pirate activity.
• Models & Reconstructions – Scale models depicting how Port Royal looked before the 1692 earthquake and after the disaster.
• Naval History Exhibits – Information on the British Royal Navy’s presence in Port Royal, including its use as a naval base in later years.
• Henry Morgan Exhibit – Artifacts and stories related to the famous privateer-turned-governor.

2. The Giddy House

One of the most unique attractions within Fort Charles is the Giddy House, an old artillery storehouse that was tilted during the 1907 earthquake. The structure remains partially buried, leaning at an extreme angle. Visitors experience a sense of dizziness when standing inside, hence the name "Giddy House."

3. The Underwater City of Port Royal

Much of old Port Royal remains submerged, making it one of the most significant underwater archaeological sites in the Western Hemisphere. Marine archaeologists have recovered numerous artifacts, well-preserved due to the conditions at the ocean floor. The underwater city includes remains of streets, buildings, and personal belongings of 17th-century residents, providing valuable insights into colonial life.

New Port Royal Museum Development

In addition to the Fort Charles Museum, efforts have been made to expand Port Royal’s historical and cultural attractions. A new museum near the Port Royal Cruise Terminal has been under development, designed to showcase 500 years of Jamaican history.

The modern museum features:

• Interactive Exhibits – Digital reconstructions of Port Royal before and after the earthquake.
• Multimedia Displays – Screens and projections telling the story of the town’s rise and fall.
• Artifacts and Historical Objects – Items from the Spanish, British, and pirate eras of Port Royal.

This new facility aims to enhance the educational experience for visitors, making the history of Port Royal more accessible and immersive.

Port Royal Today

Port Royal is now a peaceful fishing community, but it retains its historical charm. Visitors can:

• Walk through the fort ruins and explore its museums.
• Visit the Giddy House and experience its tilted structure.
• Learn about the city's dramatic past through guided tours.
• Take boat tours to the sites of the submerged ruins.
• Enjoy fresh seafood at local restaurants.

Efforts to develop Port Royal as a major heritage tourism destination continue, ensuring that its unique history remains preserved for future generations.