St John’s Island | Southern Region

St John’s Island is a historically rich, scenic, and relatively underdeveloped island located approximately 6.5 km south of the main island of Singapore. It forms part of the Southern Islands cluster, which also includes Lazarus Island, Kias Island, Pulau Seringat, and the smaller islets surrounding them. The island is approximately 40 hectares in size and serves as a popular day-trip destination for locals and tourists seeking a tranquil escape from the city. Let’s dive deeper into the island's history, geography, biodiversity, and current attractions.

1. Historical Background

St John’s Island has a long and multifaceted history that stretches back centuries. Originally known as Pulau Sakra, the island was first referenced during the time of the early Malay Sultanates. It was named after St John the Baptist in the 19th century by the British, who took over the island as part of their colonial administration of Singapore.

Quarantine Island: The island was used as a quarantine station during the 19th century for ships arriving in Singapore carrying diseases such as cholera and smallpox. Ships and their passengers were quarantined to prevent the spread of infectious diseases to the mainland population.

Leprosy Colony: In the early 20th century, St John’s Island gained notoriety as a site for a leprosy quarantine station, where leprosy patients were sent to live away from the population. It was one of the last remaining places in Singapore to house such a facility. This gave the island a somewhat somber association during this period.

Prison: At various times, the island has also been used to house political prisoners during periods of unrest in Singapore’s history. Though this was not a major part of its history, it did contribute to the island’s complicated legacy.

2. Geography and Environment

St John’s Island is a relatively small landmass with a hilly terrain and numerous beaches. The island is relatively undeveloped compared to other islands in Singapore, which adds to its charm and appeal for visitors seeking a peaceful retreat.

Topography: The island features rolling hills and steep terrain in places, with some areas offering scenic views of the surrounding ocean and neighboring islands. There is also a relatively small coastline with quiet beaches, making it an excellent spot for leisurely strolls or enjoying a picnic.

Lush vegetation: The island is home to a variety of tropical flora, including mangroves, palm trees, and other local species. The vegetation adds to its natural beauty and is an attraction for nature lovers.

Marine Environment: Surrounding the island is a rich marine ecosystem, making it a haven for those interested in marine life. There are coral reefs and diverse marine species in the waters, and the island’s relatively untouched environment allows for an authentic, unspoiled underwater experience.

3. Biodiversity and Marine Life

The waters around St John’s Island are part of the larger Southern Islands Marine Conservation Area. The marine life is diverse, with corals, various fish species, and other marine organisms inhabiting the waters.

Marine Research: The island hosts the St John’s Island Marine Laboratory, a marine research facility focusing on marine biodiversity, ecosystem health, and sustainable marine practices. The lab conducts research on coral reef ecosystems, marine biodiversity, and conservation, contributing to a better understanding of the region's unique marine environment.

Wildlife: Apart from marine life, St John’s Island also supports terrestrial wildlife, including a variety of bird species. Some migratory birds stop by the island, and nature enthusiasts can often spot local wildlife as they explore the area. It is also home to other small creatures like lizards, insects, and different species of plants.

4. Modern-Day Attractions and Activities

Today, St John’s Island is known primarily for its recreational opportunities and quiet charm. It attracts visitors who want to experience nature and history without the crowds of more commercialized islands like Sentosa.

Beaches: The island has a few relatively serene beaches, including a popular one near the jetty. Visitors often relax by the shore, swim, or simply enjoy the peaceful surroundings.

Picnics and Nature Walks: The tranquil environment and the island's natural beauty make it an ideal spot for picnics, nature walks, and other low-impact activities. The peacefulness of the island is its main draw, offering a contrast to the bustling urban life of Singapore.

Ferry Access: St John’s Island is accessible by ferry from Marina South Pier, which operates regular services. The ferry ride itself offers scenic views of the Southern Islands, and the island’s easy accessibility makes it a convenient getaway. Visitors can easily spend a day on the island without needing advanced planning or overnight accommodations.

Accommodation: While there are no large hotels or resorts on St John’s Island, there are basic accommodations for those wishing to stay overnight. These include dormitory-style rooms and basic facilities managed by the National Parks Board. However, overnight stays are relatively rare, as most visitors prefer day trips to the island.

St John’s Island Heritage and Education: Visitors can also explore some historical remnants on the island. The presence of old buildings and ruins from its past as a quarantine and leprosy colony adds a historical dimension to the visit. Educational materials about the island’s past and its historical importance are available for those interested in learning more.

5. Sustainability and Conservation Efforts

Given its status as a conservation area and its rich history, St John’s Island is also part of Singapore’s efforts to preserve its natural and historical heritage. The island is a designated conservation area, and various efforts are made to ensure that its environment remains protected from overdevelopment and environmental degradation.

Sustainable Tourism: With its low level of development and emphasis on environmental preservation, St John’s Island aligns with sustainable tourism practices. It has attracted a range of visitors who are interested in eco-tourism, nature preservation, and sustainable outdoor activities.

Marine Protection: The surrounding marine ecosystems are part of larger regional conservation efforts, ensuring that the diverse marine species, including coral reefs, continue to thrive. The St John’s Island Marine Laboratory plays a significant role in research and educational outreach regarding the conservation of marine life in the region.

Conclusion

St John’s Island remains a relatively untouched gem within Singapore’s island landscape. Its tranquil environment, historical significance, and biodiversity make it a unique destination for those looking to experience a different side of Singapore. Whether you're interested in exploring the island’s history, enjoying its natural beauty, or learning about marine conservation, St John’s Island offers a peaceful, educational, and enriching experience away from the crowds.