Elroy-Sparta State Trail | La Crosse

Elroy–Sparta State Trail is one of the most iconic and historically significant rail-trails in the United States. Stretching approximately 32.5 miles through western Wisconsin, this crushed-limestone path connects the towns of Elroy and Sparta and passes through the scenic landscapes of the Driftless Area-an unglaciated region known for its rolling hills, rocky outcrops, and deep-cut valleys. Opened in 1967, it was the first rail-to-trail conversion in the U.S., setting a national precedent for transforming abandoned rail corridors into public recreational spaces.

Trail Overview and Terrain

The trail follows a former Chicago and North Western Railway line that once serviced small towns and agricultural areas in central Wisconsin. The grade is gentle-never more than a 3% incline-making it ideal for bicycling, walking, running, and casual hiking. Its surface consists of well-maintained crushed limestone, suitable for all non-motorized users.

Traveling the full length of the Elroy–Sparta Trail takes you through small, welcoming communities like Kendall, Wilton, and Norwalk, each spaced roughly 6 to 8 miles apart. These towns serve as rest stops and provide water stations, lodging, cafes, local bike repair shops, and visitor services.

Highlight: Historic Railroad Tunnels

Three dramatic hand-dug tunnels distinguish the trail and make it a standout among similar routes in the country:

Tunnel #1 (between Kendall and Wilton) – ~1,690 feet

Tunnel #2 (between Wilton and Norwalk) – ~2,810 feet

Tunnel #3 (between Norwalk and Sparta) – ~3,810 feet

These tunnels are dark, cool, and humid year-round. Cyclists are required to dismount and walk bikes through them. They feature dripping limestone walls and echo with sound, creating a unique sensory experience. Flashlights or headlamps are essential for safely navigating the tunnels. All three are closed seasonally from November 1 through April 30 due to safety and preservation concerns.

Recreation and Activities

Cycling

Biking is by far the most popular activity on the trail. Its relatively flat terrain makes it suitable for all ages and ability levels. Riders use hybrid or mountain bikes for best traction on the gravel surface. Long-distance cyclists often pair it with adjacent trails for extended tours.

Hiking and Walking

The trail is also excellent for leisurely walking or day hikes. The scenic mix of open farmland, forested hills, and wetland crossings offers a varied and quiet walking environment, especially in the early mornings or evenings.

Birdwatching and Wildlife

The route traverses rich natural habitats supporting wildlife such as deer, wild turkeys, sandhill cranes, red-tailed hawks, and songbirds. Wetlands near the trail offer glimpses of frogs, turtles, and dragonflies.

Winter Use

During winter months, the trail allows snowmobiling on designated segments (except inside the tunnels), along with snowshoeing and cross-country skiing. Winter signage and detours are clearly marked to bypass the closed tunnels.

Facilities and Trail Access

Trailheads are located in Elroy, Kendall, Wilton, Norwalk, and Sparta.

Each trailhead has amenities like parking lots, pit toilets, maps, drinking water, and picnic tables.

Bike shuttle services and equipment rentals are available in Sparta and Elroy.

Camping: Walk-in campgrounds managed by the Wisconsin DNR are available at Sparta and Elroy, both with minimal but adequate facilities. Several nearby private campgrounds-such as Tunnel Trail Campground-offer additional lodging and amenities.

Connections and Trail Network

The Elroy–Sparta Trail is a vital segment of Wisconsin’s Bike 4 Trails system, linking to:

400 State Trail (connects at Elroy and runs southeast toward Reedsburg)

La Crosse River State Trail (connects at Sparta and continues west to La Crosse)

Great River State Trail (extends northwest from La Crosse along the Mississippi River)

Together, these form a 100+ mile continuous trail corridor, allowing for multiday biking adventures through Wisconsin’s heartland.

Trail Permits and Regulations

Biking Pass Required: Cyclists aged 16 and older need a Wisconsin state trail pass. ($5/day or $25 annually)

Passes are available at self-registration stations along the trail and local businesses.

No pass is required for walkers or hikers.

Helmets and bike lights are strongly recommended due to the tunnel conditions.

Dogs are allowed but must be leashed and cleaned up after.

Location and Nearest Cities

Nearest major city: La Crosse, Wisconsin – about 60 miles west, with full urban amenities including hotels, hospitals, restaurants, and public transit.

Other nearby cities: Madison (100 miles southeast) and Eau Claire (90 miles north)

Sparta, the western trail terminus, is known as the "Bicycling Capital of America" and hosts a large statue of Ben Bikin’, a penny-farthing rider, near the trailhead.

Summary
The Elroy–Sparta State Trail is more than just a bike path-it's a historical corridor and a visual journey through rural Wisconsin. With its signature tunnels, quiet natural beauty, and connections to other state trails, it remains a favorite for cyclists, hikers, and outdoor travelers who want a memorable, low-impact adventure in the Midwest.