Hallasan Crater | Jeju Island

Hallasan Crater is one of the most striking and significant natural features of Jeju Island, South Korea. Located at the top of Hallasan Mountain, the highest peak on the island, the crater is a popular destination for hikers, nature enthusiasts, and those looking to explore the volcanic history of Jeju. The Hallasan Crater is not just a geological wonder, but also a cultural and spiritual symbol for the island, revered by locals and visitors alike.

Overview of Hallasan Crater

• Location: Hallasan Crater is situated at the summit of Hallasan Mountain, which rises to a height of 1,947 meters (6,388 feet) above sea level, making it the highest point in South Korea. The mountain is a shield volcano and is part of a larger volcanic system that has shaped Jeju Island’s unique landscape.
• Geological Significance: Hallasan is an active volcano that formed approximately 2 million years ago, and its crater is a remnant of the volcanic activity that shaped the island. Over time, the mountain has been eroded, but the crater and surrounding volcanic landscape provide valuable insights into the island's geological history.
• UNESCO Designation: Hallasan is part of the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. The volcanic system of Hallasan and its lava tubes play a vital role in understanding the volcanic activity that shaped the region.

Key Features of Hallasan Crater

Summit Crater (Crater Lake)

• The summit crater of Hallasan, also called Baengnokdam (meaning "lake of a white deer"), is the most famous feature of the mountain. It is located at an altitude of about 1,700 meters and is a small, crescent-shaped lake at the crater's center.
• Baengnokdam is known for its serene, reflective waters and is an important spiritual site. In the past, it was considered sacred, and it’s said that the lake gets its name from a legend of a white deer that once drank from its waters.
• The lake is surrounded by rugged volcanic rocks, making it an incredible sight, particularly during the cooler months when the area is often covered in snow or mist.

Hiking Trails to the Crater

• There are several hiking trails leading to the summit and crater of Hallasan, and the routes vary in difficulty and duration. Some trails are accessible to beginners, while others are more challenging for seasoned hikers.
• The Eorimok Trail is a relatively shorter trail, taking hikers to the Witsaeoreum at 1,300 meters above sea level, offering a beautiful view of the surrounding area.
• The more challenging Gwaneumsa Trail leads to the summit and is one of the most popular routes for those aiming to reach the crater. This trail is long and can take several hours to complete, but it offers breathtaking views of the mountain’s volcanic landscape.
• The Seongpanak Trail and the Yeongsil Trail are other popular hiking options that provide access to various scenic viewpoints and, eventually, to the crater.

Flora and Fauna

• The area surrounding Hallasan Crater is home to a rich variety of plant and animal life. As the altitude increases, the vegetation changes from subtropical plants at the base to alpine plants near the summit. The lower regions of Hallasan feature lush forests with bamboo, cedar trees, and wildflowers, while the higher altitudes have alpine meadows and low shrubs.
• Hallasan is also a biodiversity hotspot, with endemic species of both plants and animals. The mountain is home to a number of rare plant species that are found only on Jeju Island. Additionally, you may spot a variety of birds, including the Korean magpie, and mammals like the Jeju black rabbit and wild boar.

Volcanic Landscape and Crater Rim

• The volcanic landscape surrounding Hallasan Crater is stunning, with lava rocks, crater rims, and basalt formations. The region’s volcanic activity has created dramatic geological features, including lava tubes, crater walls, and lava fields.
• As you near the summit, the terrain becomes increasingly rugged, with rocky outcrops and sharp volcanic ridges that are remnants of the mountain’s volcanic past.
• The view from the summit is panoramic, offering sweeping vistas of the island, the southern coastline, and even the distant Hallim area on clear days.

Cultural Significance

• Hallasan is not only a natural wonder but also holds deep cultural and spiritual significance for the people of Jeju Island. The mountain is revered as a sacred site in Jeju’s traditional beliefs and is often associated with shamanistic rituals.
• Hallasan has also been central to local myths and legends, often representing the island’s spiritual core. Its volcanic nature and rugged beauty are a symbol of strength and resilience in Jeju’s cultural identity.

Seasonal Changes and Scenic Views

• Spring: In the spring, Hallasan is covered in beautiful wildflowers and greenery, and the lower hiking trails are especially colorful. The view of the crater lake is serene, and the mountain is surrounded by a blanket of blooming flowers.
• Summer: Summer brings lush vegetation and relatively warm temperatures, making the trails more accessible for hikers. The higher altitudes remain cooler, providing a refreshing escape from the heat.
• Autumn: Autumn is one of the most popular times to visit Hallasan, as the mountain transforms into a vibrant canvas of red, yellow, and orange as the leaves change color. The view from the summit is especially breathtaking during this season.
• Winter: During the winter months, Hallasan Crater is often covered in snow, adding an ethereal quality to the landscape. The area becomes quieter, and the trails can be challenging due to the cold and icy conditions, but the beauty of the snow-covered surroundings makes it a stunning experience.

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes UNESCO World Heritage Site

• Hallasan, along with the other volcanic features of Jeju Island, is part of the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The region’s volcanic landscapes, including the crater and the island’s unique lava tubes, are protected for their outstanding geological and natural significance.

Best Time to Visit Hallasan Crater

• Autumn (September to November): This is arguably the best time to visit Hallasan Crater. The fall foliage is absolutely stunning, and the weather is crisp and pleasant for hiking. The views from the summit are spectacular during this season.
• Spring (April to June): Spring is another great time to visit, as the weather is mild and the wildflowers begin to bloom, adding color to the landscape. The trails are not as crowded as in autumn, and the mountain’s beauty is breathtaking during this time.
• Summer (July to August): Summer is warmer, and it can be a bit more humid, especially in the lower regions of the mountain. However, the higher altitudes remain cool, making it a refreshing place to escape the heat.
• Winter (December to February): While winter can be cold and snowy, it offers a quieter experience, and the snow-covered landscape provides a serene and peaceful atmosphere. However, be prepared for slippery conditions and challenging trails if you plan to hike during this season.

Visitor Information

• Hiking Trails: The trails to Hallasan Crater are well-maintained but can be physically demanding, especially for those aiming for the summit. It’s important to check weather conditions and be prepared for sudden changes in temperature, especially in the higher regions.
• Facilities: There are rest stops, information centers, and public restrooms along many of the hiking trails. You can also find restaurants and cafes near the base of Hallasan, offering a place to relax after a hike.
• Guided Tours: If you're unfamiliar with the area or want to learn more about Hallasan's geological and cultural significance, consider joining a guided tour. Local guides can offer detailed explanations about the mountain’s history, wildlife, and legends.
• Admission: There is no entry fee to visit Hallasan, though some specific hiking trails or areas around the mountain may have small fees for access.

Conclusion

Hallasan Crater is an awe-inspiring natural landmark that offers not only beautiful views and geological wonders but also a deep connection to the culture and history of Jeju Island. Whether you're a nature lover, avid hiker, or cultural enthusiast, a visit to Hallasan Crater provides an unforgettable experience of Jeju's volcanic beauty and spiritual significance.