Hallasan National Park | Jeju Island

Hallasan National Park (한라산국립공원) is a stunning national park located on Jeju Island, South Korea. It is home to Hallasan, an iconic shield volcano that rises 1,947 meters (6,388 feet) above sea level, making it the highest mountain in South Korea. The park is not only known for its breathtaking landscapes but also for its rich biodiversity, unique flora and fauna, and the cultural significance it holds for the people of Jeju.

Key Features and Attractions:

Hallasan Mountain:

• Hallasan is the central feature of the park, and its volcanic origins are evident in its unique geological formations, crater lakes, and lush forests. It is a shield volcano, which means it was formed by lava flows over a wide area, giving it a broad, rounded shape.
• Hallasan is considered a sacred mountain in Jeju’s culture and is closely tied to local myths, legends, and spiritual practices. The mountain and its surroundings have been regarded as a sacred place for centuries by the island’s inhabitants.

Crater Lakes (Crater at the Summit):

• At the summit of Hallasan, visitors can find a crater known as Baengnokdam (백록담), which translates to “white deer lake.” This stunning volcanic crater lake is situated at 1,740 meters (5,709 feet) above sea level and is one of the highest points on the mountain.
• Baengnokdam, which means "white deer lake," is surrounded by steep cliffs and adds to the serene beauty of Hallasan, making it a popular destination for hikers who make the journey to the peak.

Hiking Trails:

• Hallasan National Park is famous for its hiking trails, which range from relatively easy paths to challenging, strenuous hikes up to the summit. Some of the most popular trails include:
  • Seongpanak Trail: A relatively moderate hike that takes about 4 to 5 hours to complete, offering stunning views of the surrounding landscapes and a chance to explore the mountain’s diverse vegetation.
  • Eorimok Trail: This trail offers beautiful scenery and is known for its pleasant environment, often with lush vegetation and cool streams.
  • Gwaneumsa Trail: A longer trail that leads to the summit of Hallasan, offering spectacular views, but it's a much more challenging hike.
  • Jeju Olle Trail: The mountain is part of the Jeju Olle Trail, a series of walking routes that circumnavigate the island, offering a more relaxed way to experience the natural beauty of Hallasan and Jeju Island.

Biodiversity:

• Hallasan National Park is recognized for its diverse ecosystems, with a variety of flora and fauna found throughout the park.
• Flora: The lower slopes of Hallasan are covered by dense forests of broadleaf trees, including evergreen oaks and hornbeam. As the altitude increases, the forest transitions to coniferous trees, and finally, the summit is dominated by alpine plants.
• Fauna: Hallasan is home to a range of wildlife, including the Jeju black rabbit, Korean marten, and various species of birds. It is also home to a variety of insects and amphibians that thrive in the unique environments at different elevations.

Scenic Views:

• The park offers visitors incredible views of the surrounding landscapes, including the Jeju coastline, valleys, and forests. The scenery is particularly striking during the autumn when the mountain is adorned with colorful foliage, creating a vibrant contrast against the green landscape.
• In winter, Hallasan is often blanketed in snow, giving it a completely different, serene beauty. The summit, especially, looks like a winter wonderland with its white slopes.

Cultural and Religious Significance:

• Hallasan holds spiritual and cultural significance for the people of Jeju Island. It is associated with shamanistic rituals and local beliefs that it is the home of gods. The mountain is often featured in Jeju folk songs and myths.
• There are several temples and shrines located on or around Hallasan, including the Gwaneumsa Temple, which is one of the oldest temples in Jeju. It is a Buddhist temple that has historical importance and adds a spiritual dimension to the mountain’s beauty.

Flora and Fauna:

• As mentioned, the park's varying altitudes and climates support a variety of plant and animal species. Some rare and protected species, such as the Jeju cedar and the Jeju vole, are native to the mountain and can be found in certain parts of the park.
• Hallasan’s ecosystems are unique and home to a number of endemic species, including Jeju’s unique trees and wildflowers.

Visitor Centers:

• The Hallasan National Park Visitor Center offers educational exhibits about the park’s natural and cultural heritage, including its flora, fauna, and geological history.
• There are also several information centers along the trails where visitors can gather maps, get information about the trails, and learn about the park’s ecological importance.

Hallasan in Popular Culture:

• Hallasan and its natural beauty have been featured in various forms of Korean art, film, and television. The mountain is often depicted as a symbol of strength and endurance, making it a popular backdrop for storytelling.

Best Time to Visit:

• Spring (April to June): The weather is mild, and wildflowers bloom throughout the park, making it an ideal time for hiking and exploring.
• Autumn (September to November): This is one of the best times to visit Hallasan, as the foliage turns vibrant shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating breathtaking views.
• Winter (December to February): Hallasan is often covered in snow during the winter, offering a unique and tranquil experience, though the hiking trails can be more challenging due to cold temperatures and snow.
• Summer (July to August): The weather can be hot and humid, though it’s a good time to visit for cooler temperatures at higher altitudes.

Visitor Information:

• Admission Fees: There is generally no admission fee for the national park itself, but some specific facilities (like temples) or guided tours may charge a fee.
• Hours: The park is open year-round, though some trails may be closed due to weather conditions, especially in winter.
• Transportation: Hallasan National Park is accessible from Jeju City by public transportation, taxis, or car rental. The Jeju Olle Trail also connects some sections of the park, making it easily accessible to hikers.

Conclusion:

Hallasan National Park is a natural treasure on Jeju Island, offering a unique blend of breathtaking landscapes, rich biodiversity, spiritual significance, and a variety of outdoor activities. Whether you're interested in hiking to the summit of Hallasan, exploring its stunning crater lake, or simply enjoying the natural beauty, the park provides something for everyone. It’s a must-visit destination for nature lovers, hikers, and those interested in experiencing the heart of Jeju’s culture and natural heritage.