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Old Fort | Zanzibar


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Landmark: Old Fort
City: Zanzibar
Country: Tanzania
Continent: Africa

The Old Fort (Ngome Kongwe) – A Historic Landmark in Stone Town, Zanzibar

The Old Fort, known as Ngome Kongwe in Swahili, is one of the most significant historical sites in Stone Town, Zanzibar. It is a 16th-century structure that holds great historical and cultural value for the island, showcasing a unique blend of defensive architecture, colonial history, and local culture. The fort has transformed over the centuries from a military stronghold to a vibrant cultural center.

Quick Facts

  • Name: The Old Fort (Ngome Kongwe)
  • Location: Stone Town, Zanzibar City, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania
  • Built: 1698-1701 by the Omani Arabs to defend Zanzibar from Portuguese invaders
  • Architectural Style: Arab, Persian, and European influences
  • Current Use: A cultural center for performances, art exhibitions, and craft markets
  • Entrance Fee: There may be a small fee for entry (typically around USD 2-3)
  • Opening Hours: Typically open from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM

History and Significance

1. Defense Against the Portuguese

  • The Old Fort was built by the Omani Arabs after they gained control of Zanzibar from the Portuguese in the late 17th century.
  • The Portuguese had previously controlled Zanzibar from the early 1500s, but in 1698, the Omanis launched a successful military campaign and took over the island. The fort was constructed to protect the island from any further Portuguese attempts to retake it.
  • The fort’s strategic location near the coastline allowed it to defend Stone Town from both land and sea invasions, with thick walls, narrow windows for defense, and sturdy gates.

2. A Symbol of Omani Rule

  • Under Omani rule, Zanzibar became a center for the spice trade and slave trade, and the fort played a key role in the defense of the Sultanate.
  • The fort was a symbol of the Omani Sultan’s power and authority over Zanzibar and its people. It stood as a fortress to guard the Sultan’s wealth and the strategic trade routes in the Indian Ocean.

3. Transition to British Protectorate

  • In the late 19th century, as Zanzibar fell under the influence of the British Empire, the Old Fort ceased to serve its original military purpose.
  • Following the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964, which led to the overthrow of the Sultanate, the fort became a symbol of Zanzibar’s transition into a republic. It continued to play an important role in the cultural identity of the island.

Architecture and Design

The Old Fort is a remarkable example of military architecture from the era of the Omani Sultanate, blending Arab, Persian, and European styles.

1. Fortified Structure

  • The fort has high stone walls that are designed to withstand attacks and defend the town. The walls are made of coral stone and feature narrow windows, which allowed defenders to shoot arrows or guns at intruders while remaining protected.
  • The building’s layout consists of barracks, storerooms, and bastions, which were used for both living quarters and storage for weapons and supplies.

2. Courtyard and Central Area

  • Inside the fort, there is a spacious courtyard that was used for various activities, including military drills and ceremonies.
  • The central courtyard is surrounded by an arcade, which creates a shaded space for socializing and provides a cooling effect in the hot tropical climate of Zanzibar.

3. Large Entrance Gate

  • The main gate of the fort is large and imposing, with carved wooden doors that have been preserved for centuries. The gate is a key feature of the fort's defensive design, as it was the main entry point for both soldiers and supplies.

4. Coastal View and Strategic Positioning

  • The Old Fort is strategically located along the waterfront of Stone Town, giving it a commanding view of the sea. This location allowed defenders to spot approaching enemies from both land and sea.

Current Use – A Cultural Center

Today, the Old Fort is a vibrant cultural center that hosts a variety of artistic events, performances, and markets. It has been repurposed to reflect Zanzibar’s rich cultural life while preserving its historic significance.

1. Performances and Events

  • The fort is home to several cultural performances throughout the year, including local theater, traditional music, and dance events. Visitors may catch performances of Taarab music or drumming as well as local theater productions that showcase Zanzibar's heritage.
  • The fort also hosts events during Zanzibar’s cultural festivals, such as the Sauti za Busara music festival and the Zanzibar International Film Festival.

2. Art and Craft Market

  • The fort's interior and surrounding areas feature a lively market where visitors can purchase local crafts, including woven baskets, wood carvings, beadwork, jewelry, and other handmade items.
  • The market is a great place to buy souvenirs while supporting local artisans and enjoying the vibrant atmosphere of the site.

3. Art Exhibitions

  • The fort also holds art exhibitions showcasing both local and international artists, particularly those interested in showcasing African and Swahili culture.
  • The exhibitions often feature paintings, photography, sculptures, and installations that reflect the island’s historical and cultural narratives.

Key Attractions Around the Old Fort

  • House of Wonders (Beit-al-Ajaib): Located nearby, this iconic building houses a museum showcasing Zanzibar’s cultural heritage and history.
  • Forodhani Gardens: A public space by the sea, popular for evening markets and local food stalls, offering a scenic view of the Indian Ocean and Stone Town.
  • Anglican Cathedral of Christ Church: Another historic site located near the Old Fort, this cathedral was built on the site of the former slave market and is a significant monument to Zanzibar’s history of the slave trade.

How to Visit the Old Fort

  • Location: The Old Fort is located along the seafront of Stone Town, near the House of Wonders and other key landmarks. It is within walking distance from most major attractions in Stone Town.
  • Getting There: Visitors can walk to the fort from anywhere within Stone Town. It is also easily accessible by taxi or local transport.
  • Accessibility: The fort is easily accessible, with its open courtyards and clear signage for visitors.

Why Visit the Old Fort?

  • Historical Significance: The Old Fort offers a fascinating glimpse into the military history of Zanzibar and the broader region’s interactions with colonial powers.
  • Cultural Hub: It serves as a center of cultural exchange, where visitors can enjoy performances, art exhibitions, and craft markets while immersing themselves in Zanzibar’s vibrant traditions.
  • Architectural Beauty: The fort’s unique blend of military and Swahili architecture makes it an interesting site for lovers of architecture and history.
  • Community Atmosphere: The fort is a lively place where locals and tourists come together, making it a perfect spot to experience Zanzibar’s hospitality and sense of community.

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