Parliament Building | Budapest

The Hungarian Parliament Building (Hungarian: Országház) is one of Budapest’s most iconic and architecturally stunning landmarks. Located on the Pest side of the city, along the Danube River, the Parliament Building stands as a symbol of Hungary's sovereignty, history, and democracy. It is not only one of the largest parliamentary buildings in the world but also a masterpiece of Gothic Revival architecture.

History and Construction

The construction of the Hungarian Parliament Building began in 1885 and was completed in 1904. It was designed by the Hungarian architect Imre Steindl, who drew inspiration from the British Houses of Parliament (Palace of Westminster) and other neo-Gothic buildings of the period. Steindl passed away before the completion of the building, and the project was completed under the direction of his colleagues.

The Parliament was designed to be a monumental structure reflecting the importance of the Hungarian Kingdom and the nation’s growing political and economic power. It also sought to represent Hungary’s national identity, merging historical traditions with modern styles of the time.

Architectural Features

The Parliament Building’s design is a fusion of Gothic Revival, Baroque, and Renaissance architectural elements, making it a unique blend of traditional and contemporary styles.

Key Features:

Facade and Exterior: The Parliament Building is 268 meters long and 96 meters tall at its highest point, symbolizing the 896 founding year of the Hungarian nation. Its elaborate façade is adorned with hundreds of statues, including Hungarian kings, princes, and military leaders, as well as famous Hungarian figures throughout history. The exterior also features numerous arches, gables, spires, and pointed windows, all hallmark elements of the Gothic style.

Domed Central Hall: The most striking feature of the Parliament is its central dome, which rises 96 meters above the ground. This dome is surrounded by four smaller domes and a series of turrets, contributing to the building's majestic appearance. The dome also provides a breathtaking view of the Danube River and the Castle Hill area.

Interior: Inside, the Hungarian Parliament Building is equally impressive, with a vast central hall, grand staircases, and opulent rooms. The interior is designed in a neo-Gothic style, featuring intricate woodwork, painted ceilings, and stained glass windows. The Great Hall is where the Hungarian National Assembly meets, and it is also home to the Hungarian Crown Jewels.

Crown Jewels: One of the most famous attractions inside the Parliament Building is the Holy Crown of Hungary, which symbolizes the authority of the Hungarian monarchy. The crown is kept in a protected room, and it is considered one of the most important national symbols of Hungary.

Staircases and Rooms: The Parliament features grand staircases, such as the Main Staircase, which is a lavish work of art with painted ceilings and marble steps. There are also many important chambers, including the Upper House, the Lower House, and the Lobby, each with intricate décor and historical significance.

Significance and Role

The Hungarian Parliament Building is not only a national symbol but also the seat of Hungary’s National Assembly, where laws are debated and passed. It plays a central role in the country’s politics and governance. The building is a powerful representation of Hungary’s sovereignty, its history, and its transition into the modern era.

Key Roles:

Legislative Function: The Parliament Building is the headquarters of the National Assembly of Hungary. The building houses the chamber of deputies, where parliamentary sessions are held, and is a place where laws, policies, and budgets are discussed and enacted.

Cultural and Historical Symbol: As the heart of Hungary's legislative process, the Parliament is a symbol of Hungary’s historical struggle for independence, democracy, and national unity. It embodies the pride of the nation and its resilience through tumultuous times.

Tourist Attraction: Besides its legislative function, the building is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Hungary. Visitors can tour the interior, including the Great Hall, Crown Jewels Room, and the National Assembly Chambers. The building is also featured in a variety of guided tours highlighting its architectural splendor, its history, and its political significance.

Tourism and Visitor Experience

The Hungarian Parliament Building is open to the public for guided tours, offering visitors the opportunity to explore its stunning architecture and learn about its history. Tours provide access to several key parts of the building, including:

• The Dome Hall: Visitors can admire the majestic Dome Hall, with its beautiful stained-glass windows and richly decorated ceilings.
• The Old Upper House Chamber: A historic chamber where the Parliament held sessions before the 1949 Constitution of Hungary.
• The Holy Crown of Hungary: A key point of interest for visitors is the room that houses the Holy Crown, symbolizing Hungary’s royal legacy.

Tourists can also walk along the Danube promenade, from where they can enjoy stunning views of the Parliament Building, particularly at night when it is beautifully illuminated.

Accessibility

The Hungarian Parliament Building is located in central Budapest, near several other key landmarks, such as St. Stephen’s Basilica, Shoes on the Danube Bank, and Margaret Island. It is easily accessible via public transportation, including metro lines, trams, and buses.

Opening Hours: The Parliament is generally open to visitors during the day, with specific hours for guided tours. It is closed to the public during official sessions or holidays.

Entrance Fees: There is an entrance fee for the guided tours of the building. However, visitors can access the exterior and photograph the building without charge.

Conclusion

The Hungarian Parliament Building is a true architectural gem and one of the most recognizable landmarks in Budapest. Its grand scale, intricate design, and historical significance make it a must-visit site for anyone exploring the Hungarian capital. Whether you're interested in its role as the center of Hungarian democracy, its architectural beauty, or its symbolic importance to the nation, the Parliament Building is a key highlight of any visit to Budapest.