Parque Nacional Cordillera de Sama | Tarija

Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Cordillera de Sama

The Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Cordillera de Sama (Cordillera de Sama National Park and Integrated Natural Management Area) is a protected area located in the Tarija Department of southern Bolivia. It covers an area of 108,500 hectares (1,085 square kilometers) and is known for its diverse ecosystems, ranging from high-altitude Andean mountains to dry valleys and wetland areas. The park is home to unique wildlife, spectacular landscapes, and important cultural heritage sites.

Geography and Climate

• The park is situated in the Cordillera de Sama, a mountain range that is part of the eastern Andes.
• It has an elevation range from 1,800 meters (5,900 feet) to over 4,700 meters (15,400 feet) above sea level.
• The climate varies with altitude, from semi-arid valleys at lower elevations to cold Andean grasslands at higher altitudes.
• The region experiences seasonal rainfall, with most precipitation occurring between December and March.

Ecosystems and Biodiversity

The park features three main ecosystems:

High-Andean Puna:

• Located at higher elevations, this ecosystem is dominated by grasslands, rocky landscapes, and small shrubs.
• It is home to species such as vicuñas, Andean foxes, and the Andean condor.

Dry Valleys:

• Found at lower elevations, these areas contain cacti, scrublands, and thorny vegetation.
• Wildlife includes pumas, armadillos, and various bird species adapted to arid conditions.

Wetlands and Lagoons:

• The Lagunas de Tajzara, a system of high-altitude saltwater and freshwater lagoons, is one of the park’s most important features.
• These wetlands support flamingos, ducks, and other migratory birds.

Wildlife

The Cordillera de Sama National Park is home to a variety of native and migratory species, including:

• Vicuñas – A wild relative of llamas, known for their fine wool.
• Andean Condor – One of the world’s largest flying birds, often seen soaring above the mountains.
• Pumas – A top predator in the region, though rarely spotted by visitors.
• Andean Flamingos – Found in the Lagunas de Tajzara, these birds are an important part of the park’s biodiversity.
• Llamas and Alpacas – Domesticated animals raised by local communities.

Cultural and Historical Significance

• The park contains archaeological sites from the Inca and pre-Inca periods, including ancient trade routes and rock art.
• The Lagunas de Tajzara were historically important for Indigenous communities, who relied on these wetlands for water and food.
• Traditional Tarijeño culture, including farming, herding, and festivals, is still practiced in the surrounding areas.

Tourism and Activities

The park is a popular eco-tourism destination, offering:

• Hiking and Trekking – Trails leading through mountains, valleys, and wetlands.
• Wildlife Watching – Especially in the Lagunas de Tajzara, where flamingos and other birds gather.
• Photography – The landscapes, from snow-capped peaks to colorful lagoons, provide incredible photo opportunities.
• Camping – Certain areas allow camping, offering visitors the chance to experience nature up close.

Conservation and Environmental Threats

• Deforestation and overgrazing have led to soil erosion in some parts of the park.
• Climate change is affecting water availability in the Lagunas de Tajzara, threatening bird populations.
• The park is under protection by Bolivia’s National Service of Protected Areas (SERNAP), and efforts are being made to promote sustainable tourism and environmental education.

Conclusion

The Parque Nacional Cordillera de Sama is a biodiversity hotspot and a cultural treasure of southern Bolivia. With its diverse landscapes, rich wildlife, and historical significance, it offers visitors a chance to explore one of Bolivia’s most remarkable natural areas. Conservation efforts continue to be crucial in preserving this unique environment for future generations.