Canadian Museum of History | Ottawa

Canadian Museum of History

The Canadian Museum of History is one of Canada's most prestigious and visited museums. It explores the rich tapestry of the country's past, from Indigenous heritage and European colonization to present-day cultural evolution. Located in Gatineau, Quebec, just across the Ottawa River from Parliament Hill, it’s a must-see destination for anyone interested in Canada’s identity and stories.

Location and Background

Address: 100 Laurier Street, Gatineau, Quebec

Founded: 1856 (as part of the Geological Survey of Canada)

Renamed: Became the Canadian Museum of Civilization in 1986, and then the Canadian Museum of History in 2013

Architect: Designed by Douglas Cardinal, a prominent Indigenous architect, known for his fluid, organic building style

Purpose and Mission

The museum aims to preserve, study, and present the human history of Canada and its people, while promoting understanding of cultural diversity, shared values, and national identity.

Architectural Highlights

The building features sweeping curves, flowing lines, and natural forms meant to evoke rivers and landscapes.

Its location offers panoramic views of Parliament Hill and the Ottawa skyline.

The design is a blend of modern architecture and symbolic Indigenous influence.

Major Exhibition Areas

Canadian History Hall

The museum’s largest and most comprehensive permanent exhibition, it spans more than 15,000 years of history.
Divided into three main galleries:

Early Indigenous societies and civilizations before European contact

The colonial period, the birth of Canada, and Confederation

20th-century Canada, multiculturalism, and modern nation-building

Grand Hall

One of the most iconic spaces in the museum, this area features the world’s largest collection of indoor totem poles and full-scale reconstructions of traditional Indigenous buildings. It represents the Pacific Northwest Coast Indigenous cultures.

First Peoples Hall

Focused on the diverse cultures, traditions, and histories of Canada’s First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. The exhibit includes sacred objects, tools, ceremonial regalia, and contemporary Indigenous art.

Special Exhibitions

Rotating exhibitions on topics such as archaeology, fashion, global cultures, military history, and pop culture. These exhibitions often come from international partners or other national institutions.

Canadian Children’s Museum

An interactive and family-friendly section of the museum that encourages hands-on exploration of global cultures. Kids can “travel the world” by visiting themed play zones like a cargo ship, a market bazaar, and a desert village.

Collections and Research

The museum houses over 4 million objects, including archaeological finds, cultural artifacts, textiles, photographs, and historical documents.

It includes one of the world’s largest and most respected collections of Indigenous artifacts and art.

Research at the museum supports work in history, ethnology, and archaeology, often in collaboration with Indigenous communities.

Educational and Public Programs

Offers guided tours, lectures, school visits, and workshops for visitors of all ages.

Strong emphasis on educational outreach and Indigenous collaboration.

Online resources and virtual tours are available for classrooms and remote learning.

CINÉ+ Theatre

A large-format movie theatre offering documentary and cultural films.

Often shows nature, science, and historical features linked to current exhibitions.

Amenities

Museum Boutique: Sells Canadian-made goods, books, Indigenous art, and unique gifts.

Café Panorama: A dining space with views of the Ottawa River and Parliament Buildings, serving snacks, light meals, and coffee.

Visitor Information

Open year-round, with extended hours in summer.

Admission: Varies based on age and exhibition access; family passes and student discounts available.

Accessibility: Fully accessible for people with mobility needs. Elevators, accessible washrooms, and assistance are available.

Nearby Attractions

Parliament Hill (visible across the river)

National Gallery of Canada

ByWard Market

Canadian War Museum (a sister institution)

Final Thoughts

The Canadian Museum of History is not only a national treasure—it’s a deeply engaging place to explore Canada’s roots, peoples, and evolving identity. It balances celebration with critical reflection and is a powerful space for learning, conversation, and connection.

Let me know if you want a shorter version or want it focused on something specific (like just Indigenous exhibits, or a family-friendly guide).