Hornstrandir Nature Reserve | Westfjords

Hornstrandir Nature Reserve is one of Iceland's most remote and pristine wilderness areas, located in the northwest corner of the Westfjords. This rugged and beautiful reserve is renowned for its dramatic landscapes, rich wildlife, and its sense of isolation. Here’s a detailed look at Hornstrandir Nature Reserve:

Overview and Location

• Location: Hornstrandir is located in the northwest of Iceland's Westfjords, bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north and Skjálfandi Bay to the east. It lies roughly between the towns of Ísafjörður and Bolungarvík, with access usually via boat from Ísafjörður.
• Size: The reserve covers an area of about 600 square kilometers (230 square miles), and it is part of the larger Hornstrandir Nature Reserve, which has been protected since 1975.
• Geography: Hornstrandir features a dramatic and untouched landscape, characterized by steep cliffs, fjords, and mountain peaks, interspersed with lush valleys and bird cliffs. It is one of the most pristine wilderness areas in Iceland, known for its rugged beauty and complete absence of human settlements.

Natural Beauty and Landscape

• Fjords and Cliffs: The reserve is shaped by dramatic fjords and towering cliffs, which plunge into the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the most well-known fjords include Dýrafjörður, Hornvík, and Hesteyri. The cliffs are home to large seabird colonies, including puffins, guillemots, and kittiwakes.
• Mountains: The reserve is dominated by steep, jagged peaks, such as Kjölur and Hornbjarg, the latter of which is the highest point in the reserve at 535 meters (1,755 feet). These mountains offer spectacular hiking opportunities with panoramic views over the ocean and the surrounding landscape.
• Waterfalls and Streams: Numerous waterfalls and streams run through the valleys, fed by the melting snow in the higher altitudes. These contribute to the wild, untamed nature of the landscape.

Wildlife and Biodiversity

Hornstrandir is a haven for wildlife, particularly birds and Arctic animals. Because of its protected status and remoteness, the area has remained largely untouched by human activity, allowing native species to thrive.

• Birdlife: Hornstrandir is one of the best places in Iceland to see seabirds. The cliffs and coastal areas host large colonies of puffins, guillemots, razorbills, and kittiwakes. The reserve is also home to Arctic terns, shags, and falcons, making it a birdwatcher's paradise.
• Arctic Fox: One of the most iconic residents of Hornstrandir is the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), which is one of the few mammals native to Iceland. These foxes are often spotted in the reserve, especially during the summer months when they are more active. The population of Arctic foxes here is healthy due to the lack of predators and the area's remote nature.
• Other Wildlife: While large land mammals are scarce, you can find reindeer in parts of the Westfjords, although not in the core of the reserve. Marine life is also abundant, including seals and whales, which are often seen in the waters surrounding the reserve.

History and Cultural Significance

• Human Settlement: Hornstrandir has a history of human settlement, but this was mostly limited to the summer months when farmers would graze livestock and harvest bird eggs. In the 1950s, the area was fully abandoned due to its isolation, inaccessibility, and the decline of the fishing industry. Today, there are no permanent residents, but remnants of old farms and buildings can still be found throughout the reserve, serving as a reminder of the area’s former use.
• Historical Sites: The area has some notable historical landmarks, including Hesteyri, an old settlement that once housed a small fishing community. There are also abandoned farms and houses, some of which have been preserved for their cultural and historical value.

Activities and Exploration

Hornstrandir is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts, especially those interested in hiking, wildlife watching, and photography.

1. Hiking:
   • Hornstrandir offers some of Iceland's most remote and rewarding hiking opportunities. Trails range from moderate to challenging, with routes that take you through valleys, along cliffs, and up to mountain peaks. Some popular routes include:
     • Hornbjarg: A dramatic cliff that offers breathtaking views over the reserve and the ocean.
     • Kjölur Mountain Pass: A hiking trail that crosses through the heart of the reserve, offering spectacular views.
     • Hesteyri: A coastal hike that leads to the remnants of the old settlement at Hesteyri.
2. Wildlife Watching:
   • The reserve is home to many species of birds and animals, making it a prime destination for wildlife watching. You can see puffins, Arctic foxes, seals, and even whales in the surrounding waters.
3. Photography:
   • The dramatic landscapes, rich wildlife, and pristine environment make Hornstrandir a photographer's paradise. Whether you're capturing the towering cliffs, the diverse birdlife, or the serene fjords, the area provides endless opportunities for stunning shots.
4. Kayaking and Boating:
   • In addition to hiking, visitors can explore the coastline by kayak or boat. This allows for a unique perspective of the cliffs and wildlife, and the waters are often calm enough for a peaceful paddle.

Accessing Hornstrandir

• By Boat: The most common way to reach Hornstrandir is by boat, departing from Ísafjörður or Bolungarvík. Several companies offer boat tours to Hornstrandir, which typically run during the summer months (June to September).
• By Foot: Once you arrive, Hornstrandir is best explored on foot. There are no roads, and transportation within the reserve is limited, so hikers must carry all their supplies and plan for a remote wilderness experience.
• Guided Tours: There are a number of tour companies offering guided hikes and wildlife tours in Hornstrandir. These tours are ideal for those who are unfamiliar with the terrain or who want to learn more about the area's history, geology, and wildlife.

Best Time to Visit

• The summer months (June to September) are the best time to visit Hornstrandir. During this time, the weather is milder, and access to the reserve is easiest by boat. This is also the peak of the birdwatching season, and the Arctic foxes are more active. However, the weather in Hornstrandir can still be unpredictable, and visitors should be prepared for sudden changes in temperature, rain, and wind.

Practical Tips

• Safety: Due to the remote nature of the reserve, visitors should be well-prepared for the wilderness. Bring adequate gear for hiking, including sturdy boots, waterproof clothing, and plenty of food and water. It's also essential to have a map, as the terrain can be challenging, and mobile phone reception is limited.
• Accommodation: There are no hotels or hostels in the reserve. Visitors typically stay in Ísafjörður before heading out on day trips or overnight hikes. Camping is allowed, but there are no formal campgrounds, so campers should be self-sufficient.
• Respect for Nature: Hornstrandir is a protected area, and it is important to follow the Leave No Trace principles. Visitors should avoid disturbing wildlife and refrain from picking plants or leaving litter.

Conclusion

Hornstrandir Nature Reserve is a breathtaking wilderness area that offers a true escape from modern life. With its dramatic landscapes, rich wildlife, and complete isolation, it’s an ideal destination for nature lovers, hikers, and those seeking a remote adventure in one of the most pristine corners of Iceland. Whether you're hiking its rugged terrain, observing its abundant wildlife, or simply enjoying its untouched beauty, Hornstrandir is a remarkable place that showcases Iceland at its most wild and untamed.