Matara Fort | Matara

The Matara Fort is a significant historical landmark located in Matara, a coastal town in southern Sri Lanka. Originally constructed by the Portuguese and later expanded by the Dutch, the fort reflects the colonial history of the island and serves as a window into the architectural and strategic ingenuity of the time. Situated along the coast and adjacent to the Nilwala River, the fort offers stunning views and an opportunity to explore a piece of Sri Lanka's colonial past.

1. Overview

• Location: In the heart of Matara, along the southern coast of Sri Lanka.
• Built By: Initially by the Portuguese in 1560 and later expanded by the Dutch in 1645.
• Purpose: Designed as a defensive fortification to protect the area from external invasions and uprisings.
• Current Status: The fort is well-preserved and now houses government buildings, schools, and residential spaces, blending history with modern life.

2. Historical Significance

• Portuguese Era: The Portuguese were the first to build a fort in Matara, recognizing its strategic importance due to its proximity to the Nilwala River and the Indian Ocean.
• Dutch Expansion: The Dutch took control of the fort in 1645 and significantly expanded and strengthened it to guard against invasions and maintain their trade monopoly.
• British Occupation: The fort eventually came under British control in the early 19th century, following their takeover of the island from the Dutch.

3. Architectural Features

• Fort Walls: The Matara Fort is enclosed by high walls made of coral stone and granite, designed to withstand cannon fire and other attacks.
• Entrance Gate: The main gate of the fort bears the emblem of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the year of construction (1645), reflecting its colonial heritage.
• Bastions and Ramparts: The fort features bastions at key points, which allowed for the mounting of cannons and provided a wide field of fire.
• Moat: A moat surrounded the fort during its prime, adding an extra layer of defense.
• Compact Layout: Unlike larger forts, Matara Fort was compact and strategically positioned to guard the adjacent Nilwala River and the coastline.

4. Attractions Inside the Fort

• Dutch Reformed Church: This historic church, built in 1706, is one of the key attractions within the fort. It features colonial-era architecture, antique furniture, and a cemetery with Dutch tombstones.
• Government Buildings: The fort now houses several administrative offices, including the Matara Kachcheri (district office).
• Residences and Schools: Local schools and residential areas are part of the fort, blending history with the daily lives of the community.
• Scenic Views: The fort's walls provide panoramic views of the Indian Ocean and the Nilwala River, making it a peaceful place for visitors to relax and enjoy the scenery.

5. Nearby Attractions

• Star Fort: Located across the Nilwala River, the Star Fort is a unique six-pointed fort built by the Dutch in 1765. It complements a visit to Matara Fort.
• Parey Dewa (Paravi Duwa) Temple: A small Buddhist temple situated on an island connected to the mainland by a suspension bridge.
• Polhena Beach: A tranquil beach nearby, ideal for swimming, snorkeling, and relaxation.
• Weherahena Temple: A large Buddhist temple featuring a massive Buddha statue and underground shrines, located a short drive from Matara.

6. Activities for Visitors

• Historical Exploration: Walk through the fort to admire its colonial architecture and learn about its history.
• Photography: Capture the unique features of the fort, including its walls, bastions, and scenic surroundings.
• Visit the Church: Explore the Dutch Reformed Church and its historical artifacts.
• Relax and Unwind: The fort's peaceful atmosphere and beautiful views make it an ideal spot for relaxation.

7. Best Time to Visit

• Ideal Season: The best time to visit Matara Fort is during the dry season (November to April), when the weather is pleasant for outdoor exploration.
• Time of Day: Visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon ensures cooler temperatures and better lighting for photography.

8. How to Get There

• From Colombo: Matara is approximately 160 km south of Colombo. You can reach it via:
  • Train: The Southern Railway line offers scenic train rides to Matara.
  • Bus or Car: The Southern Expressway provides a quick and convenient route to Matara.
• From Galle: Matara is about 45 km southeast of Galle and can be reached by train, bus, or car in approximately one hour.

9. Tips for Visitors

• Wear Comfortable Shoes: The fort area involves some walking, so comfortable footwear is recommended.
• Respect the Site: As parts of the fort are residential and house government offices, be mindful of the local community and their privacy.
• Combine Visits: Pair your visit to Matara Fort with nearby attractions like Star Fort and Polhena Beach for a full-day experience.

10. Conclusion

The Matara Fort is a captivating blend of history, architecture, and culture. Its well-preserved walls, historical landmarks like the Dutch Reformed Church, and scenic coastal views make it a must-visit destination for travelers exploring Sri Lanka's southern coast. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a photographer, or someone seeking a peaceful escape, Matara Fort offers a unique glimpse into Sri Lanka's colonial past.